Model-Based Optimization of a Fed-Batch Bioreactor for mAb Production Using a Hybridoma Cell Culture

Production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a well-known method used to synthesize a large number of identical antibodies, which are molecules of huge importance in medicine. Due to such reasons, intense efforts have been invested to maximize the mAbs production in bioreactors with hybridoma cell cultures. However, the optimal control of such sensitive bioreactors is an engineering problem difficult to solve due to the large number of state-variables with highly nonlinear dynamics, which often translates into a non-convex optimization problem that involves a significant number of decision (control) variables. Based on an adequate kinetic model adopted from the literature, this paper focuses on developing an in-silico (model-based, offline) numerical analysis of a fed-batch bioreactor (FBR) with an immobilized hybridoma culture to determine its optimal feeding policy by considering a small number of control variables, thus ensuring maximization of mAbs production. The obtained time stepwise optimal feeding policies of FBR were proven to obtain better performances than those of simple batch operation (BR) for all the verified alternatives in terms of raw material consumption and mAbs productivity. Several elements of novelty (i–iv) are pointed out in the “conclusions” section (e.g., considering the continuously added biomass as a control variable during FBR).     

Enabling High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries by Manipulating Solvation Structure in Ester Electrolyte

Lithium metal is an ideal electrode material for future rechargeable lithium metal batteries. However, the widespread deployment of metallic lithium anode is significantly hindered by its dendritic growth and low Coulombic efficiency, especially in ester solvents. Herein, by rationally manipulating the electrolyte solvation structure with a high donor number solvent, enhancement of the solubility of lithium nitrate in an ester‐based electrolyte is successfully demonstrated, which enables high‐voltage lithium metal batteries. Remarkably, the electrolyte with a high concentration of LiNO₃ additive presents an excellent Coulombic efficiency up to 98.8 % during stable galvanostatic lithium plating/stripping cycles. A full‐cell lithium metal battery with a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode exhibits a stable cycling performance showing limited capacity decay. This approach provides an effective electrolyte manipulation strategy to develop high‐voltage lithium metal batteries.     

Photo‐excited Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions Enable a High‐Performance Zn–Air Battery

The storage of solar energy in battery systems is pivotal for a sustainable society, which faces many challenges. Herein, a Zn–air battery is constructed with two cathodes of poly(1,4‐di(2‐thienyl))benzene (PDTB) and TiO₂ grown on carbon papers to sandwich a Zn anode. The PDTB cathode is illuminated in a discharging process, in which photoelectrons are excited into the conduction band of PDTB to promote oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and raise the output voltage. In a reverse process, holes in the valence band of the illuminated TiO₂ cathode are driven for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by an applied voltage. A record‐high discharge voltage of 1.90 V and an unprecedented low charge voltage of 0.59 V are achieved in the photo‐involved Zn–air battery, regardless of the equilibrium voltage. This work offers an innovative pathway for photo‐energy utilization in rechargeable batteries.     

压控器件的磁隔离驱动电路设计

根据压控器件的特点,设计出了适用于任意占空比的磁隔离驱动电路。通过仿真,进一步得到最优化的实际驱动电路,最后给出了实验波形。     

电路课程中含受控源电路教学的探讨

含受控源的电路在“电路”课程教学中既是难点又是重点。本文根据该课程的实际教学经验总结了含受控源电路的分析方法——基本分析方法（支路法、回路法、节点法和戴维南定理）和受控源等效变换法（受控源等效为电阻或电压源与电阻的串联组合）,结合一些具体实例对每一种方法做了详细的分析,总结了含受控源电路的教学特点,并对这两种分析法进行了比较,为含受控源电路的教学提供了有益的建议。     

基站免维护蓄电池的维护

本文介绍了基站免维护蓄电池在直流供电系统中重要地位,基站免维护蓄电池需要维护,浮充电压不能判断蓄电池容量,论述了在线测试蓄电池判断蓄电池容量的简单实用的方法.     

高压母线停运过程中产生电磁谐振的原因与预防

分析在高压220kV母线停运过程中,产生电磁谐振的原因,并结合实例,阐述了如何在设备上及运行人员的操作方法上进行防范的解决措施。     

适用于高电压测试的电容器分选机

分选是电容器交给用户前的最后一道质量保证工序,因而它决定了分选机的重要性。FX-120薄膜电容自动分选机主要进行容量不足检测、直流飞弧检测、直流双向耐压测试、损耗及容量测试并自动分选。主要介绍了该分选机的工作原理、基本机构、电气控制、气动控制、软件设计、关键技术及解决方案。     

低功耗的过压比较器

设计了一种内置基准门限的比较器,该电路的结构简单易于实现,且其中内置门限的温度特性和电源抑制特性好,由于不需要专门的门限产生电路且减少了从电源到地的电流支路,使静态电流不超过3uA远低于传统比较器,将此结构应用在升压DC-DC转换器中,在保证原有保护功能和控制精度的前提下,能有效地降低静态电流从而提高效率。     

MgSiO3掺杂对ZnO压敏电阻器电学性质的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了MgSiO3掺杂的防雷用ZnO压敏电阻。实验发现,掺杂0.04%的MgSiO3(物质的量)能显著提高其电流–电压非线性、通流能力和电压梯度E1.0,且能降低样品的漏电流IL以及残压比V40kA/V1mA。其非线性系数α和压敏电压梯度分别高达120,180V/mm,样品正反面各五次通流40kA、8/20μs波后,残压比和压敏电压变化率?V1mA/V1mA分别仅为2.56和–2.9%,且漏电流变化很小。对样品的微观结构分析显示,其电学性能的提高和晶粒的均匀程度有关。