全向凝视红外跟踪系统半实物仿真研究

 为解决全向凝视红外多目标跟踪系统室内调试时无合作目标配合实验难题,提出一种红外多目标半实物仿真系统。该系统由多个可控热源组成,每个热源包括均匀加热的平板和温控装置。改变光栏大小和温度分布,模拟不同距离、不同大小的目标。热源安装在三维运动的载体上,以不同速度、方向运动可模拟不同目标的运动轨迹。对3个红外模拟目标600帧图像的采集和处理,实现了航迹重迭、交叉和分离的全过程仿真,验证了本实验平台的模拟精度。     

TOD Performance Theoretical Model for Staring Thermal Imagers

The TOD (triangle orientation discrimination threshold) metric, as a promising sensor performance measure, is suitable for all types of thermal imaging systems and corresponds to the field performance very well. Since this method was proposed, a great progress has been made in some aspects, such as experimental validation, field performance, and TOD sensor performance model. However, what is still missing is a TOD curve prediction model similar to MRTD (minimum resolvable temperature difference) equation. Here, an equation-based TOD performance model was first developed focusing on staring thermal imagers. Specifically, spatial distribution of the triangle standard test pattern is described quantitatively. Resolution transfer characteristic of the staring infrared imagers is modeled with linear system theory, and system noise is characterized with the introduction of three-dimensional noise model. The modulation effect of overall subsystem of staring thermal imager on the non-periodic triangle standard pattern is analyzed. The matched filter idea is adopted to characterize quantitatively the spatial integration of the eye to signal and various noise components over the triangle pattern area, and the perceived signal-to-noise ratio of the staring thermal imager is derived. Then, the TOD performance theoretical model is established. Comparing with experimental results, this theoretical model gives reasonable prediction of the TOD performance curve of staring thermal imagers. Although more tests and modifications are required, these preliminary results suggest that this model can be developed into a model that predicts the TOD for all kinds of sensors.     

热成像系统MRTD数学模型的研究

通过研究热成像系统MRTD数学模型发展的历史及成果，推演和变换了最具代表性的10种最小可分辨温差方程，研究分析了各方程之间的内在联系和异同，从而在匹配滤波模型的基础上推导出新的MRTD方程。经理论推导发现建立起来的模型通过近似推导能推导出最具代表性的斯科特方程、罗切斯方程和劳埃德方程。新建立起的方程不仅消除了太多的取样近似，完整描述了三维噪声，而且在眼／脑空间积分中包括了扫描效率和过扫比的影响。     

基于压缩感知在线稀疏的红外视频遥感凝视成像

压缩感知理论是一种新兴的数字信号处理方法,在红外遥感视频成像中有很好的应用前景.为了提高红外视频遥感成像的效果,提出了基于压缩感知在线稀疏的红外遥感视频凝视成像方法.介绍了该方法的视频图像分块压缩采样策略,视频图像在线稀疏方法,以及视频图像重构方法.重点研究了有运动目标的红外遥感图像在线稀疏表示方法,提出了迭进分块训练样本的设计方法和累积冗余字典构造方法.通过数值计算可以看出,该方法提高了遥感红外图像的重构效果.     

国外全向凝视光电系统发展现状与趋势

采用全向凝视光电系统对临近区域实时探测,提高了作战平台的态势感知和自防御水平,国外较早开展研制并逐步投入使用。为认识该类系统发展现状和其独特作用,介绍了基本原理和发展背景,梳理若干典型系统的技术特征和功能,结合作战需求探讨未来的总体发展趋势。鉴于其实战价值,应及时发展,以减小与外军之间的差距。     

4×288 readouts and FPAs properties

Analysis of four types 4×288 designed and manufactured readouts is presented. All the readouts have the direct injection input circuit with the circuits incorporated that allows testing procedure of readouts without the photodiodes attached to readout circuits. TDI registers have three delay elements between neighbouring inputs. Some characteristics of 4×288 FPAs with mercury-cadmium-telluride (MCT) arrays are presented too. Analysis have shown that in spite of different constructions of four readout types, different numbers of outputs and external service, rather similar parameters of FPAs have been obtained. Detectivity values measured for all 4×288 FPAs at operation temperature T ≈ 78 K with skimming mode included and background temperature T_b ≈295 K were in the range D*_λ ≅ (1.2−1.7)×10¹¹ cmHz^1/2/W.     

MBE HgCdTe on Alternative Substrates for FPA Applications

Results of first-principles calculations and experiments focusing on molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of HgCdTe on the alternative substrates of GaAs and Si are described. The As passivation on (2 × 1) reconstructed (211) Si and its effects on the surface polarity of ZnTe or CdTe were clarified by examining the bonding configurations of As. The quality of HgCdTe grown on Si was confirmed to be similar to that grown on GaAs. Typical surface defects in HgCdTe and CdTe were classified. Good results for uniformities of full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of x-ray rocking curves, surface defects, and x values of Hg_1−x Cd _x Te were obtained by refining the demanding parameters and possible tradeoffs. The sticking coefficient of As₄ for MBE HgCdTe was determined. The effects of Hg-assisted annealing for As activation were investigated experimentally and theoretically by examining the difference of the formation energy of As_Hg and As_Te. Results of focal-plane arrays (FPAs) fabricated with HgCdTe grown on Si and on GaAs are discussed.     

金属硅化物及其在肖特基势垒IRCCD焦平面阵列中的应用

叙述了金属硅化物的形成、组分、性质和金属硅化物形成过程中的问题。简述了金属硅化物的形成机理、分析技术及其在金属硅化物(Pd_2Si,PtSi 和IrSi)肖特基势垒红外电荷耦合器件焦平面阵列中的应用。     

InAs/GaSb II类超晶格红外焦平面台面的 ICP 刻蚀研究

本文报道了采用Cl2/N2电感耦合等离子（ICP）组合体刻蚀工艺在InAs/GaSb II类超晶格红外焦平面台面加工过程中的研究结果,实验采用分子束外延技术在GaSb衬底上生长的PIN型超晶格材料。结果表明,气体流量比例直接对刻蚀速率和刻蚀形貌产生影响,氯气含量越高,刻蚀速率越大,当氮气含量增加,刻蚀速率降低并趋于一定值。当氯气和氮气的流量比例和等离子腔体内压力等参数一定时,随着温度升高,刻蚀速率和选择比在有限范围内同时线性增大,台面的倾角趋于直角,台面轮廓层状纹理逐渐消失,但沟道内变得粗糙不平,并出现坑点。在实验研究范围内,电感耦合等离子源的ICP功率和RF功率对刻蚀结果产生的影响较小。     

基于空间分布熵的随机辐射源布局优化

针对微波凝视关联成像中,随机辐射源布局优化以随机辐射场矩阵的有效秩最大化为准则时面临目标函数计算复杂、效率太低的问题,提出了一种基于空间分布熵的布局优化方法。首先,构建了一种以空间分布熵来定量表征随机辐射源布局随机性的方法,并通过仿真分析验证了随机辐射源的空间分布熵与随机辐射场矩阵的有效秩之间的总体正相关性;然后,采用遗传算法以空间分布熵最大化为准则对随机辐射源布局进行了优化;最后,通过成像仿真验证了随机辐射源布局优化能有效提高微波凝视关联成像性能。