激光无损检测中基于调制度的图像自适应滤波研究

激光散斑图像在成像时不可避免地受噪声乘性调制,因此去除噪声是激光散斑图像处理的一项重要任务.本文在分析和对比了不同滤波算法的特点之后,基于调制度能够度量像素可靠程度,结合均值滤波,提出了基于调制度的条纹图像自适应均值滤波算法,并将其应用在激光无损检测图像去噪中,实验结果表明该算法优于普通的均值滤波,在抑制散斑噪声的同时有效保护了边缘等细节信息.     

基于泰伯效应的面内位移测量

为了测量物体的面内位移,设计了基于泰伯效应的 变形测量实验方案。在实验中,把设计好的二维方孔光栅的全息图输入到由计算机控制的液 晶空间光调制器(LC-SLM)中。当LC-SLM放置于物体前方适当距离 时,物体表面形成清晰的泰伯像,再由CCD捕获物体变形前后的散斑图像。输出光场包含了 物体变形位移的信 息。利用数字散斑相关测量(DSCM)方法计算得到物体的位移。本文方案简单易行,可以作为 测量物体变形位移的替代方案。实验结果表明,本文方法应用于面内位移测量是可行的。     

基于图像区域分割的SAR 图像去噪算法

给出了一种结合图像分割的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像去噪算法,利用水平集图像分割方法将SAR 图像分割得到多个连通区域,并利用基于结构相似性指数的非局部均值滤波(NLM鄄SSIM)去噪算法对每个连通区域进行去噪。对每个连通域分别去噪利于维持连通区域边缘的原有数值特征,同时也能够保证图像平滑区域的滤波效果,提高了去噪算法的性能。实验部分使用了合成孔径雷达图像中的道路、农田、沟壑和建筑图像块进行测试,将本文算法与非局部均值滤波(NLM)和NLM鄄SSIM 算法进行了去噪效果比较,并通过等效视数(ENL)和边缘平均梯度比(EGR)评价指标验证了文中算法的有效性。     

基于改进型GIW算法的TerraSAR-X图像斑点噪声抑制

针对TerraSAR-X图像中的斑点噪声抑制问题,分析了噪声的基本数学模型,并考察了经典处理方法,进而结合Kuan滤波的基本思想,给出了一种改进型梯度倒数加权(GIW)滤波算法,利用邻域像素和中心像素的灰度梯度倒数及其邻域统计信息构造滤波加权模板,然后通过卷积操作实现斑点噪声的抑制。对TerraSAR-X图像处理的结果表明该算法原理简单,实现方便,可有效抑制图像中的斑点噪声,同时具有优良的边缘细节保持能力,非常适合边缘提取、目标检测等后续处理。     

基于模糊PCNN的小波域超声医学图像去噪方法

在分析了斑点噪声和PCNN的特点的基础上,将PCNN引入到小波域中,并结合小波软阈值去噪思想,提出了基于PCNN的超声医学图像软阈值去噪方法(ST-PCNN),该方法的优点是实现了在小波域中利用PCNN来识别高频信号的小波系数,并采用相应的方法处理小波系数,改善了PCNN难以确定斑点噪声的位置和采用固定阈值造成高频信号损失的缺点,更好的保留了低于固定阈值的高频信号的小波系数;在此基础上,将模糊算法引入到PCNN模型中,进一步提出了基于模糊PCNN的小波域超声医学图像去噪方法(F-PCNN-WD),该方法利用模糊算法来去除PCNN点火过程中大于点火阈值的斑点噪声的小波系数,以更好的去除斑点噪声。实验结果表明,ST-PCNN和F-PCNN-WD方法不仅能够有效地去除噪声,而且能够很好的保留图像的边缘和细节信息。     

Explicit propagators for a random walker and unidirectionality on linear chains

Explicit propagators are given for a diffusing particle (motor) moving on a linear chain of either infinity or finite length with reflecting ends. Each chain contains a number of thermally accessible barriers and/or potential wells (active sites). All particle interactions with its environment are considered to be short-range and are described by repulsive/attractive delta function potentials. By employing perturbation expansion, closed analytical expressions for the spatio-temporal evolution of the probability density function of the motor are derived, and are valid up to second order with respect to the expansion parameter u, which denotes the strength of interaction between motor and active sites. The mean displacement for two different chains is calculated indicating in both cases that the organization of the motion is done through the interplay of interaction intensities and their positions.     

半导体激光器的自混合散斑干涉测量流体速度

提出了一种简便的激光自混合散斑干涉测量流体速度的方法。根据散斑和法布里-珀罗腔的理论,提出了半导体激光器的自混合散斑干涉模型。研究了流体运动时在半导体激光器内产生的自混合散斑干涉效应(SMPI),给出了激光器输出增益的变化及其概率密度分布。得到了激光自混合散斑干涉平均频率与流体速度之间的关系。模拟计算和实验结果验证了这个关系。利用散斑干涉的平均频率与流体速度的关系测量了高分子材料溶液的速度,并在溶液浓度和背景光变化时,对流体速度进行了测量、比较和分析。实验表明。在溶液浓度不太低时,测量误差小于8％。     

Yukawa potentials in systems with partial periodic boundary conditions. II. Lekner sums for quasi-two-dimensional systems

Yukawa potentials may be long-ranged when the Debye screening length is large. In computer simulations, such long-ranged potentials have to be taken into account with convenient algorithms to avoid systematic bias in the sampling of the phase space. Recently, we provided Ewald sums for quasi-two-dimensional systems with Yukawa interaction potentials [J. Chem. Phys. 126, 056101 (2007); Molec. Phys. paper I of this series]. Sometimes, Lekner sums are used as an alternative to Ewald sums for Coulomb systems. In the present work, we derive the Lekner sums for quasi-two-dimensional systems with Yukawa interaction potentials and we give numerical tests for practical implementations. The main result of this paper is to emphasize that Lekner sums cannot be considered as an alternative to Ewald sums for Yukawa potentials. As a conclusion to this work: Lekner sums should not be used for quasi-two-dimensional systems with Yukawa interaction potentials.     

Formation of a vortex lattice in a rotating BCS Fermi gas

We investigate theoretically the formation of a vortex lattice in a superfluid two-spin component Fermi gas in a rotating harmonic trap, in a BCS-type regime of condensed non-bosonic pairs. Our analytical solution of the superfluid hydrodynamic equations, both for the 2D BCS equation of state and for the 3D unitary quantum gas, predicts that the vortex free gas is subject to a dynamic instability for fast enough rotation. With a numerical solution of the full time dependent BCS equations in a 2D model, we confirm the existence of this dynamic instability and we show that it leads to the formation of a regular pattern of quantum vortices in the gas.     

Potential distribution around a test charge in a positive dust-electron plasma

The electrostatic potential caused by a test-charge particle in a positive dust-electron plasma is studied, accounting for the dust-charge fluctuations associated with ultraviolet photoelectron and thermionic emissions. For this purpose, the set of Vlasov–Poisson equations coupled with the dust charging equation is solved by using the space–time Fourier transform technique. As a consequence, a modified dielectric response function is obtained for dust-acoustic waves in a positive dust-electron plasma. By imposing certain conditions on the velocity of the test charge, the electrostatic potential is decomposed into the Debye–Hückel (DH), wake-field (WF), and far-field (FF) potentials that are significantly modified in the limit of a large dust-charge relaxation rate both analytically and numerically. The results can be helpful for understanding dust crystallization/coagulation in twocomponent plasmas, where positively charged dust grains are present.