A Metabolomic Approach to Beer Characterization

The consumers’ interest towards beer consumption has been on the rise during the past decade: new approaches and ingredients get tested, expanding the traditional recipe for brewing beer. As a consequence, the field of “beeromics” has also been constantly growing, as well as the demand for quick and exhaustive analytical methods. In this study, we propose a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and chemometrics to characterize beer. ¹H-NMR spectra were collected and then analyzed using chemometric tools. An interval-based approach was applied to extract chemical features from the spectra to build a dataset of resolved relative concentrations. One aim of this work was to compare the results obtained using the full spectrum and the resolved approach: with a reasonable amount of time needed to obtain the resolved dataset, we show that the resolved information is comparable with the full spectrum information, but interpretability is greatly improved.     

稀疏阈值的超分辨率图像重建

为了解决基于字典学习的超分辨重构算法耗时过长的问题,提出了基于稀疏阈值模型的图像超分辨率重建方法。首先,将联合字典理论与图像块稀疏阈值方法相结合,训练得到高、低分辨率过完备图像字典对。接着,通过稀疏阈值OMP算法对图像特征块进行稀疏表示。然后,通过高分辨率字典重构出初始的超分辨图像。最后,通过改进迭代反投影算法对初始的超分辨图像进行全局优化,从而进一步提高图像重构质量。实验结果表明,超分辨图像重构平均峰值信噪比(PSNR)为30.1 d B,平均结构自相似度(SSIM)为0.937 9,平均计算时间为10.2 s。有效提高了超分辨重构的速度,改善了重构高分辨图像的质量。     

Rapid and label-free classification of pathogens based on light scattering,reduced power spectral features and support vector machine

The rapid identification of pathogens is crucial in controlling the food quality and safety. The proposed system for the rapid and label-free identification of pathogens is based on the principle of laser scattering from the bacterial microbes. The clinical prototype consists of three parts: the laser beam, photodetectors, and the data acquisition system. The bacterial testing sample was mixed with 10 mL distilled water and placed inside the machine chamber. When the bacterial microbes pass by the laser beam, the scattering of light occurs due to variation in size, shape, and morphology. Due to this reason, different types of pathogens show their unique light scattering patterns. The photo-detectors were arranged at the surroundings of the sample at different angles to collect the scattered light. The photodetectors convert the scattered light intensity into a voltage waveform. The waveform features were acquired by using the power spectral characteristics, and the dimensionality of extracted features was reduced by applying minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance criterion (mRMR). A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was developed by training the selected power spectral features for the classification of three different bacterial microbes. The resulting average identification accuracies of E. faecalis,E. coli and S. aureus were 99%, 87%, and 94%, respectively. The overall experimental results yield a higher accuracy of 93.6%, indicating that the proposed device has the potential for label-free identification of pathogens with simplicity, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness.     

光学稀疏孔径成像复合孔径阵列结构研究

对环型、Y型和Golay6等典型的光学稀疏孔径成像系统,给出了最大和最小填充因子,结果表明,最大填充因子只与子孔径的数目有关.提出一种建立在典型光学稀疏孔径阵型基础上的复合孔径阵列结构,给出了3种不同复合孔径阵列结构形式,在填充因子相同的情况下,用计算机仿真子孔径间距变化、子阵列旋转对调制传递函数(MTF)的影响,并对系统模拟成像及噪后的图像进行重构,使用相关系数对图像质量进行评价.结果表明,这种复合孔径阵列结构通过复制子阵列能够扩大系统的口径,而且具有易于加工、装调方便的特点.     

货车枕簧丢失故障动态图像识别方法

针对货车运行故障动态图像检测,提出无故障目标识别工作模式,解决货车枕簧丢失故障的自动识别问题。利用Haar特征提取枕簧特征信息,基于AdaBoost算法选取特征并构建层叠分类器,等比缩放搜索窗口检测货车图像,最终分选出无故障的枕簧图像,从而大大地减少了待识别图像的数量,显著地提高了人工识别效率。实验表明,该算法使用的特征简单,搜索策略高效,不受枕簧位置、缩放和旋转的影响,抗噪能力强,对分辨率低、局部遮挡、光照不足或过度曝光等质量较差的图像仍具有很强的适应性,所提出的方案能够满足全天候条件下的货车枕簧目标识别,为货车故障动态图像检测的工程化应用奠定了基础。     

深度特征筛选及融合的人脸识别方法研究

针对人脸识别问题,提出采用深度特征筛选及融合的方法.采用卷积神经网络(CNN)学习人脸图像的多层次深度特征.对于所有的深度特征矢量,使用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数筛选其中有效部分.基于支持向量机(SVM)对筛选得到的任一深度特征矢量进行分类决策,并基于线性加权融合对它们的结果进行融合,最终确定待识别样本的人脸类别.基于ORL...     

基于表面设计的红外辐射特征控制技术

红外辐射特征控制是红外伪装技术的关键。结合腔体辐射理论,提出了在目标表面形成不同的微孔组合来选择及控制其发射率的方法。通过一个具体实例计算验证了这种技术的实用价值,并探讨了其在红外伪装中多种实际应用方式及自适应红外伪装系统的实现方法。最后给出了此技术今后的发展和改进的方向。     

鲁科版高中化学必修新教材情境素材分析与教学建议

研读新课程标准中的相关要求,分析鲁科版必修新教材的情境素材类型和呈现方式,得出教材中情境素材具有:微项目使实践情境大放异彩、史实情境彰显中华民族自信、情境素材充分体现STSE教育理念等特点.据此提出从静态的教材情境到动态的教学情境转化的3条教学建议:充分重视教材栏目所蕴含的情境教学功能;深挖教材情境素材所承载的学科核心...     

汉语普通话的管辖音系学特征及提取方法

语音识别中多采用音素作为识别单元,因其数量较多,对神经网络训练复杂度的要求高,在多语言语音识别中需要针对不同语言分别建立识别模块.然而,管辖音系学提出了适用于多语言的语音学特征.本文根据英语和汉语发音的相似性,确定汉语普通话声韵母的GP特征表示形式,并应用神经网络实现特征提取.实验表明,GP特征同样可作为汉语语音的语音学特征.