Power-aware routing based on DSR for Mobile Ad hoc NETworks

Energy consumption is a crucial design concern in Mobile Ad hoc NETworks （MANETs） since nodes are powered by batteries with limited energy, whereas Dynamic Source Routing （DSR） protocol does not take the energy limitation of MANET nodes into account. This paper proposes an energy-saving routing algorithm based on DSR： Power Aware Routing protocol based on DSR （PAR-DSR）. The design objective of PAR-DSR is to select energy-efficient paths. The main features of PAR-DSR are： （1） Nodes use the Signal Attenuation Rate （SAR） to conduct power control operations; （2） Minimum path cost as metric to balance the traffic and energy consumption of wireless nodes. The simulation results show that PAR-DSR can greatly reduce the energy consumption of MANET nodes. The average node lifetime of PAR-DSR is 50%-77% longer than that of DSR.     

New method of formation design for both GMTI and InSAR using distributed satellites

This letter proposes a method for designing a specific formation of satellites where the flying motion only exists in a circle orbit plane of the reference satellite, which means that the orbit eccen- tricity is zero. This method combines the Hill equation, the Kepler equation, and the geometrical meaning of orbit elements. It creates the redundancy condition to simplify the deducing process, utilizes multiple conditions to solve the orbit elements for the satellite formation, and obtains the analytical relationship of the orbit elements for the formation satellites with the formation parameters and the orbit elements of the reference satellite. Using these formulations, the orbit elements and formation parameters for the formation satellites can be solved for the given orbit elements of the reference satellite. The letter describes the proposed double-ellipse formation for both GMTI and InSAR, and the validity of the formation is demonstrated via simulation.     

Algorithm of SAR satellite attitude measurement using GPS aided by kinematic vector

In this paper,in order to improve the accuracy of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite attitude using Global Positioning System (GPS) wide-band carrier phase,the SAR satellite attitude kinematic vector and Kalman filter are introduced.Introducing the state variable function of GPS attitude determination algorithm in SAR satellite by means of kinematic vector and describing the observation function by the GPS wide-band carrier phase,the paper uses the Kalman filter algorithm to obtian the attitude variables of SAR satellite.Compared the simulation results of Kalman filter algorithm with the least square algorithm and explicit solution,it is indicated that the Kalman filter algorithm is the best.     

基于激光数据的北极海水二氧化碳分压研究

星载激光雷达作为一种新型的主动遥感技术,为全球海洋昼夜以及极地冬季海水二氧化碳分压的研究提供了可能。研究通过使用云-气溶胶激光雷达与红外探路者卫星（CALIPSO）数据,对全球海表面叶绿素a（Chla）浓度进行了反演,并构建了基于激光数据的前向神经网络模型（FNN-LID）,重构了北冰洋海水二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）昼/夜长时序数据集。在此基础上,对基于主动遥感的极地海水Chla浓度和海水pCO₂数据进行了验证与分析。结果显示,基于该算法的反演产品,具有较高的数据质量,不论是和其他被动遥感的产品还是独立浮标观测数据集都有较好的一致性,且能够有效“填充”极地冬季的数据空白。在北冰洋海区,受陆源强烈影响的边缘海都表现为较高的海表Chla浓度。北冰洋海水pCO₂的空间格局表现出经向的差异,且pCO₂的季节变化十分剧烈,甚至超过80 μatm。近20年来,北冰洋稳定地表现为大气二氧化碳的汇,而在东西伯利亚海和喀拉海等海冰显著衰退的地区,海面pCO₂的增长率非常显著。     

多相位中心SAR虚假目标成对回波定位与强度研究

建立了多相位中心SAR在欠采样和非均匀采样状况下工作的回波数学模型,推导了其成像压缩结果的数学表达式.分析了"欠采样"成对回波和"速度失配"成对回波的形成机理,给出了成对回波定位和强度的通用计算公式.最后给出的仿真验证了本文结论的正确性.     

利用灰度和纹理特征的SAR图像分类研究

多类别多特征量情况下的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的目标分类是一个难以解决的问题.从灰度和纹理模型出发,提出了综合利用灰度和纹理特征的目标分类方法.均值和方差是灰度模型中重要的特征统计量,而能量、熵、对比度、局部相似性和相关性是纹理模型中重要的特征统计量.灰度和纹理特征能确切地描述SAR图像中的目标.通过构造特征向量,定义向量之间的距离,并按照最小距离方法进行目标分类.以一定大小的窗口读入样本,提高了算法的运行速度和抗噪能力.理论上,窗口越大,特征向量值越接近真实值.窗口越小,边缘的分类精度越高.实验表明该方法较好地处理了多类别多特征量情况下的SAR图像分类问题,分类结果是有效的,这为SAR图像目标分类提供了一条简单可行的途径.     

航天光纤数据总线分析(本期优秀论文)

介绍了航天光纤数据总线(SFODB)的基本结构、工作方式,重点强调了此种技术非常适合于对通信实时性、可靠性要求高的航天电子系统的使用.通过和其它的数据总线比较,还可得出此种技术的信号传输速率非常高,比目前应用较为广泛的军用标准-MIL-STD_1553B提高了3个量级(1553B的传输速率只有1Mb/s),基本解决了当前航天数据总线低速传输特性的问题,为大容量实时信号的传输提供了一种行之有效的方案.     

星载海洋激光雷达最佳工作波长分析

星载激光雷达是实现海洋垂直剖面探测的有效工具,也是目前迫切需求的海洋光学遥感手段。对星载海洋激光雷达的波长参数进行评估对保证探测有效性具有重要意义。本文从探测深度和信噪比两方面分析了星载海洋激光雷达探测全球海洋的最佳波长。利用MODIS 10个波段的水体光学特性数据,估算全球海水探测深度及相应的最优波长;并根据太阳夫琅禾费暗线特性,对信号信噪比进行优化。结果表明:在探测深度方面,最优探测波长在488 nm波段的海洋占全球海洋面积的70%左右,并且全球95%以上的海域在488 nm波段的探测深度优于0.8倍的真光层深度;在信噪比方面,相对于488 nm波段,486.134 nm夫琅禾费暗线处采用0.1 nm带宽的滤光片可以将背景光强度降低70%,相应地回波信噪比整体提升了约5.0%。就全球海洋探测来说,使用486.134 nm作为探测波长可以提高探测深度,有效抑制太阳背景光,提高信噪比,因此,486.134 nm是星载海洋激光雷达的最佳工作波长。     

Calculating physical properties of organic compounds for environmental modeling from molecular structure

Mathematical models for predicting the transport and fate of pollutants in the environment require reactivity parameter values – that is the value of the physical and chemical constants that govern reactivity. Although empirical structure–activity relationships have been developed that allow estimation of some constants, such relationships are generally valid only within limited families of chemicals. The computer program, SPARC, uses computational algorithms based on fundamental chemical structure theory to estimate a large number of chemical reactivity parameters and physical properties for a wide range of organic molecules strictly from molecular structure. Resonance models were developed and calibrated using measured light absorption spectra, whereas electrostatic interaction models were developed using measured ionization pK_as in water. Solvation models (i.e., dispersion, induction, H-bonding, etc.) have been developed using various measured physical properties data. At the present time, SPARC’s physical property models can predict vapor pressure and heat of vaporization (as a function of temperature), boiling point (as a function of pressure), diffusion coefficient (as a function of pressure and temperature), activity coefficient, solubility, partition coefficient and chromatographic retention time as a function of solvent and temperature. This prediction capability crosses chemical family boundaries to cover a broad range of organic compounds.     

极不均匀合成孔径雷达杂波建模及恒虚警检测

基于合成孔径雷达(SAR)城区极不均匀杂波实际数据和Cramer-Von Mises距离,本文运用Rayleigh分布、Weibull分布、K分布和G分布对杂波进行了分布拟合检验.结果表明Rayleigh分布和Weibull分布难以拟合极不均匀场景回波,K分布只能部分拟合,而G分布的拟合程度最好.进而,针对G分布下的目标恒虚警检测问题,本文给出了不同参考单元条件下达到给定检测性能时信噪比随形状参数的变化曲线,分析了恒虚警(CFAR)性能损失随分布参数变化的原因,得到了确定恒虚警门限的有效方法.