Visible Light-Driven Alkyne-Grafted Ethylene-Bridged Azobenzene Chromophores for Photothermal Utilization

Molecular photoswitches are considered to be important candidates in the field of solar energy storage due to their sensitive and reversible bidirectional optical response. Nevertheless, it is still a daunting challenge to design a molecular photoswitch to improve the low solar spectrum utilization and quantum yields while achieving charging and discharging of heat without solvent assistance. Herein, a series of visible-light-driven ethylene-bridged azobenzene (b-Azo) chromophores with different alkyne substituents which can undergo isomerization reactions promoted in both directions by visible light are reported. Their visible light responsiveness improves their solar spectrum utilization while also having high quantum yields. In addition, as the compounds are liquids, there is no need to dissolve the compounds in order to exploit this switching. The photoisomerization of b-Azo can be adjusted by alkyne-related substituents, and hexyne-substituted b-Azo is able to store and release photothermal energy with a high density of 106.1 J·g⁻¹, and can achieve a temperature increase of 1.8 °C at a low temperature of −1 °C.     

激光雷达测量大气气溶胶光学厚度方法研究

介绍一种激光雷达常数标定和气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)测量的新方法.利用太阳辐射计,获得大气气溶胶的光学厚度,激光雷达可以获得35～40 km高度的回波信号,在这一高度区间可忽略气溶胶的存在,大气模式可以提供大气分子散射系数,根据激光雷达方程计算出激光雷达常数.反之,标定激光雷达常数后,根据激光雷达方程,以激光雷达35～40 km的大气分子后向散射回波信号来确定气溶胶的光学厚度.激光雷达测量结果与太阳辐射计的测量结果一致性较好,说明该方法是可行的.这种新方法既可以用于白天的气溶胶光学厚度测量,也可以用于夜间测量.     

折衍混合红外光学系统消热差设计

论述了衍射光学元件的消热差和消色差的温度特性及设计方法,根据折射和衍射光学元件固有特性,设计采用320×256凝视焦平面阵列探测器,工作在中波3~5μm,视场范围为8°×6°的红外系统,该系统使用硅和锗两种红外光学材料。实现了在-40~60℃温度范围内消热差和消色差,像质优良。此系统具有成像质量高、体积小、重量轻、工作温度范围宽的特点,使得折/衍混合光学元件在机载红外成像系统中得到成功应用。     

离网太阳能发电系统在高寒地区5G基站中的应用

根据5G基站供电负荷需求及建设要求,针对新疆南部、西藏北部等高寒地区没有市电、气温低、基础设施差等问题,立足目前太阳能电池及备用电池的技术发展,提出高寒地区5G基站采用高效单晶硅太阳能电池与阀控式密封铅碳蓄电池组成的离网太阳能发电系统,同时从能量平衡角度提出机房的辅助加热方案确保机房环境满足运行要求,并论证工程配置计算...     

透镜球差对拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束聚焦特性的影响及改善方法

涡旋光场调控对涡旋光在激光通信、生物操控等领域的应用研究具有重要意义。为了揭示透镜球差对拉盖尔-高斯(Laguerre-Gaussian,LG)涡旋光束传输特性的影响,本文基于菲涅尔衍射理论,模拟研究了不同透镜球差系数下的LG光束聚焦场的强度、相位以及螺旋谱分布。结果表明:光学系统初级球差系数的增大恶化了LG光束聚焦场的强度分布和螺旋相位,弥散了轨道角动量(orbital angular momentum,OAM) 。由此,本文提出了一种光阑补偿方案,通过在透镜前添加大小合适的圆孔光阑,以消除透镜像差。光阑补偿后的LG光束聚焦场由星芒状空心分布恢复为空心圆环分布,OAM态保持单一稳定。本研究工作为改善透镜像差对涡旋光的传输影响提供了解决方案。     

多功能太阳能供电设备的设计与实现

根据太阳能电池以及蓄电池的充放电特性,设计并实现了一个利用太阳能电池的多功能供电设备,该供设备具有充电功能,防止过充过放,延长蓄电池的使用寿命。它可以作为无线传感节点的电源,还能将直流电逆变成市电供家用电器,并具有自动控制照明开关、显示及监控等功能。     

硅微粉氧化性质研究

考察了硅微粉在空气、水、聚乙二醇(PEG)以及PEG水溶液几种介质中的氧化行为,并分析比较了两种不同切割过程所产生的硅微粉屑的氧化情况。结果显示:200℃下干燥空气中硅微粉不发生明显氧化;在高于80℃的水中放置10d,硅微粉发生明显氧化,形成非晶SiO2。与水及水溶液相比,PEG能在一定程度上阻止硅微粉的氧化。另外,带锯切割中产生的硅微粉屑氧化严重,而多线切割中产生的硅微粉切屑无明显氧化。     

基于双混沌置乱和扩频调制的彩色图像盲水印算法

提出了一种新的适应彩色图像的盲水印算法,先对宿主图像的绿色分量以8×8像素分块进行离散余弦变换(DCT)变换,用logistic映射生成两个混沌序列,然后用混沌序列置乱加密二值水印图像,并用两个互不相关的伪随机序列扩频调制水印,最后将调制好的水印嵌入到DCT变换域的中频子带系数上,进行分块DCT反变换得到水印化图像.提取水印时,通过比较两个伪随机序列和水印化图像的相关性大小来提取水印,不需要原始图像的参与,为盲提取水印算法.实验结果证明本文算法能有效地抵抗JPEG压缩、加噪、剪切等常见攻击,绿色分量嵌入水印比红色和蓝色分量嵌入水印能更好地抵抗JPEG压缩的攻击.     

Ligand‐Free Synthesis of Aluminum‐Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals and their Use as Optical Spacers in Color‐Tuned Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells

The color of polymer solar cells using an opaque electrode is given by the reflected light, which depends on the composition and thickness of each layer of the device. Metal‐oxide‐based optical spacers are intensively studied in polymer solar cells aiming to optimize the light absorption. However, the low conductivity of materials such as ZnO and TiO₂ limits the thickness of such optical spacers to tenths of nanometers. A novel synthesis route of cluster‐free Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) nanocrystals (NCs) is presented for solution processing of highly conductive layers without the need of temperature annealing, including thick optical spacers on top of polymer blends. The processing of 80 nm thick optical spacers based on AZO nanocrystal solutions on top of 200 nm thick polymer blend layer is demonstrated leading to improved photocurrent density of 17% compared to solar cells using standard active layers of 90 nm in combination with thin ZnO‐based optical spacers. These AZO NCs also open new opportunities for the processing of high‐efficiency color tuned solar cells. For the first time, it is shown that applying solution‐processed thick optical spacer with polymer blends of different thicknesses can process solar cells of similar efficiency over 7% but of different colors.     

用快速傅里叶变换法分析超高斯反射镜腔的光场分布

常规非稳腔由于输出耦合镜硬边光阑的衍射效应而影响了激光输出。使用非均匀反射镜，可以起到软边光阑的作用，改善了输出光束的光场分布特性。高斯分布反射镜已经被广泛应用，超高斯分布反射镜的提出是对非均匀反射腔的一大改进。快速傅里叶变换(FFT)方法是计算激光腔光场分布的一种方便快捷的方法，利用快速傅里叶变换方法分析了超高斯反射镜腔的腔内三维光场分布情况，并模拟了热透镜焦距变化时腔内光场分布的变化。然后分别在空腔和考虑热透镜效应的情况下对输出光束的光场分布进行了理论模拟，并讨论了热透镜效应对输出光场分布的影响。