Facile and Selective Determination of Total Phthalic Acid Esters Level in Soft Drinks by Molecular Fluorescence Based on Petroleum Ether Microextraction and Selective Derivation by H2SO4

Determining the level of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in packaged carbonated beverages is a current need to ensure food safety. High-selectivity and -accuracy identification of individual PAEs can be achieved by chromatographic and mass spectrometric (MS) techniques. However, these methods are slow; involve complicated, expensive instruments in professional laboratories; and consume a large amount of organic solvents. As such, a food analysis method is needed to conveniently and rapidly evaluate multiple contaminants on site. In this study, with the assistance of ultrasound, we quickly determined the total PAEs in soft drinks using 1.5 mL of petroleum ether in one step. Then, we determined the characteristic molecular fluorescence spectrum of all PAEs in samples (excitation (Ex)/emission (Em) at 218/351 nm) using selectively concentrated sulfuric acid derivatization. The relative standard deviations of the fluorescent intensities of mixed solutions with five different PAEs were lower than 7.1% at three concentration levels. The limit of detection of the proposed method is 0.10 μmol L⁻¹, which matches that of some of the chromatographic methods, but the proposed method uses less organic solvent and cheaper instruments. These microextraction devices and the fluorescence spectrometer are portable and provide an instant result, which shows promise for the evaluation of the total level of PAEs in beverages on site. The proposed method successfully detected the total level of PAEs in 38 kinds of soft drink samples from local supermarkets, indicating its potential for applications in the packaged beverage industry.     

光响应形变液晶聚合物的结构与应用

液晶聚合物能够在外界刺激下发生形状变化,是一类重要的柔性智能材料.其中液晶有序排列的改变诱导材料的宏观形变.光响应聚合物具有可远程操作、易于控制等特点,在刺激响应性聚合物的设计中受到了广泛关注.将具有光响应性的基团引入到液晶聚合物体系中,可以得到一系列具有重要应用前景的光致形变材料.本文综述了近年来光响应形变液晶聚合物...     

4.48 nm正入射软X射线激光用Cr/C多层膜高反射镜的研制

针对4.48nm类镍钽软X射线激光及其应用实验,设计制备了工作于这一波长的近正入射多层膜高反射镜。选择Cr/C为制备4.48nm高反射多层膜的材料对,通过优化设计,确定了多层膜的周期、周期数以及两种材料的厚度比。模拟了多层膜非理想界面对高反射多层膜性能的影响。采用直流磁控溅射方法在超光滑硅基片上实现了200周期Cr/C多层膜高反射镜的制备。利用X射线衍射仪测量了多层膜结构,在德国BessyⅡ同步辐射上测量了在工作波长处多层膜反射率,测量的峰值反射率达7.5%。对衍射仪测量的掠入射反射曲线和同步辐射测量的反射率曲线分别进行拟合,得到的粗糙度和厚度比的结果相近。测试结果表明,所制备的Cr/C多层膜样品结构良好,在指定工作波长处有较高的反射峰,达到了设计要求。     

用于ICF基准物理实验的子束激光系统优化设计

基于XG11激光装置实验平台建立了用于ICF基准物理实验的子束激光系统，采用软边光阑和空间滤波器组合的像传递技术实现了光束的空间整形和等像面传输，并利用Fresnel光束传输计算程序对系统进行了优化设计，分析了空间滤波器小孔尺寸以及软边光阑对光束波面传输的影响，并对优化设计结果进行了分析和讨论，所用方法和所得结论对高功率固体激光放大系统的设计具有一定应用意义。     

软X射线Mo/Si多层膜反射率拟合分析

由于多层膜的表界面粗糙度和材料之间的相互扩散等因素，导致多层膜的实际反射率小于理论计算的反射率，因此，多层膜结构参量的确定对镀膜工艺参量的标定具有重要意义。由于描述单个非理想粗糙界面散射的Stearns法适用于软X射线短波段区域，采用它的数学模型来描述软X射线多层膜的粗糙度，利用最小二乘法曲线拟合法对同步辐射测得的Mo／Si多层膜的反射率曲线进行拟合，得到了非常好的拟合结果，从而确定了多层膜结构参量，同时分析了多层膜周期厚度，厚度比率，界面宽度以及仪器光谱分辨率对多层膜反射特性的影响，这些工作都为镀膜工艺改进提供了一定的理论依据。     

低质量图像基于散射图SEM估计的MAP像素聚类方法

直方图是最常用的图像灰度统计分布的表示方法,二维直方图包括共生矩阵,灰度－边界值散射图,灰度平均灰度散射图等,本文提出了一种采用ＳＥＭ算法完成对灰－平均灰度的二维正态分布假设的参数估计,然后采用最大后验概率（ＭＰＡ）准则进行像素无监督聚类的图像分割算法,测试结果显示,我们的算法性能良好,尤其是对低对比度,有阴影和重噪声的低质量图像的分效果远优于其他基于散射图的阈值化方法。     

Hydrophobic Nanoreactor Soft‐Templating: A Supramolecular Approach to Yolk@Shell Materials

Due to their unique morphology‐related properties, yolk@shell materials are promising materials for catalysis, drug delivery, energy conversion, and storage. Despite their proven potential, large‐scale applications are however limited due to demanding synthesis protocols. Overcoming these limitations, a simple soft‐templated approach for the one‐pot synthesis of yolk@shell nanocomposites and in particular of multicore metal nanoparticle@metal oxide nanostructures (M_NP@MO_x) is introduced. The approach here, as demonstrated for Au_NP@ITO_TR (ITO_TR standing for tin‐rich ITO), relies on polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) inverse micelles as two compartment nanoreactor templates. While the hydrophilic P4VP core incorporates the hydrophilic metal precursor, the hydrophobic PS corona takes up the hydrophobic metal oxide precursor. As a result, interfacial reactions between the precursors can take place, leading to the formation of yolk@shell structures in solution. Once calcined these micelles yield Au_NP@ITO_TR nanostructures, composed of multiple 6 nm sized Au NPs strongly anchored onto the inner surface of porous 35 nm sized ITO_TR hollow spheres. Although of multicore nature, only limited sintering of the metal nanoparticles is observed at high temperatures (700 °C). In addition, the as‐synthesized yolk@shell structures exhibit high and stable activity toward CO electrooxidation, thus demonstrating the applicability of our approach for the design of functional yolk@shell nanocatalysts.     

基于边缘羽化检测的虚假图像盲识别算法

本文针对羽化操作的篡改方式,提出了一种新的图像肓识别算法,这种算法使用纹理分析方法.该方法的基本思想是首先进行图像分解,根据纹理图像进行轮廓构建.在轮廓构建中先对纹理图像进行类似纹理再提取,去除当中少量的噪声,其中使用了双树复小波,变换.利用得到的数据,进行轮廓构建.实验表明,该算法在没有任何数字水印和数字签名的前提下,能提高篡改区域的检测精度,有效的检测大面积光滑的图像.     

基于小波变换的磁定向信号去噪

磁定向信号中畸变噪声的存在严重地影响了磁定向系统的性能。在介绍了磁定向系统工作原理,分析磁定向系统中噪声的产生和特性的基础上,将小波变换的方法应用于磁定向系统去噪,提出用小波软阈值函数对磁定向信号进行去噪处理。首先分析了信号和噪声在小波变换下统计特性的不同点,基于统计特性上的差异,对小波变换后的小波系数进行软阈值函数处理,提取那些模极大值随尺度增大而减小的系数,并保留这些系数,同时滤除模极大值与尺度无关的系数,达到滤除信号中噪声的目的。仿真结果表明：该算法能很好滤除磁定向信号中存在的畸变噪声,使得磁定向信号稳定性得到增强,最终提高了磁定向系统的性能。     

一种数控用开关电源保护电路的分析与设计

开关电源的可靠性直接影响到电子产品系统的可靠性。文中从相关数控系统开关电源的各种保护电路着手,分析设计了数控开关电源的软启动电路,过压保护、过流保护、欠压保护等电路的工作原理和具体设计方法,解决了数控开关电源的工作可靠性问题,为数控系统的批量生产提供了保障。