Shear buckling modes of cylindrical sandwich shells under external pressure, tension-compression of bearing layers with unequal forces, and inhomogeneous across-the-thickness temperature

Equations are set up for describing, in a correct statement and with an accuracy sufficient in actual practice, the shear buckling modes (BMs) of cylindrical sandwich shells with a transversely soft core of arbitrary thickness. Based on them, solutions are obtained to a number of problems on the buckling instability according to shear modes under some force and thermal loadings. It is found that the BMs occur in the shell along the circumferential and axial directions if, in the precritical state, a normal compressive stress arises in the transverse direction. It is shown that this condition is fulfilled in the following cases: in axial tension of the shell with unequal forces applied to the end faces of bearing layers (the parameter of critical load is maximum if the tensile forces are equal); under external (internal) pressure; on cooling the outer and heating the inner layers. The results obtained are presented in the form of simple analytical formulas for determining the corresponding critical parameters of the force and thermal actions.Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 37–48, January–February, 2005.     

固体介质中力学参数传递观念及其工程应用

通过定性的力学分析、原理性的模型试验、工程动载试验、数值计算分析4个方面的研究,论述了在地层介质中应力、加速度的传递与介质的相对刚度密切相关,提出固体介质中应力、加速度传递的观念,及其相应的广义复合结构体系;在地下工程、防护工程建设中,若能正确的运用这种观念,就能大幅度提高工程的生存能力．     

水凝胶类软物质材料理论中的数学问题

 水凝胶是一种具有广泛应用前景的软物质材料,一直是材料学家、物理化学家们关心的热点,目前有很多实验和专利产品.其机理和模型的研究处于初期阶段,本文综述该领域的部分进展,包括形变、微结构和宏观性质等的数学模型和相关计算方法,一并列出一些亟待解决的问题.     

Force-Free States, Relative Strain, and Soft Elasticity in Nematic Elastomers

The remarkable ability of nematic elastomers to exhibit large deformations under small applied forces is known as soft elasticity. The recently proposed neo-classical free-energy density for nematic elastomers, derived by molecular-statistical arguments, has been used to model soft elasticity. In particular, the neo-classical free-energy density allows for a continuous spectrum of equilibria, which implies that deformations may occur in the complete absence of force and energy cost. Here we study the notion of force-free states in the context of a continuum theory of nematic elastomers that allows for isotropy, uniaxiality, and biaxiality of the polymer microstructure. Within that theory, the neo-classical free-energy density is an example of a free-energy density function that depends on the deformation gradient only through a nonlinear strain measure associated with the deformation of the polymer microstructure relative to the macroscopic continuum. Among the force-free states for a nematic elastomer described by the neo-classical free energy density, there is, in particular, a continuous spectrum of states parameterized by a pair of tensors that allows for soft deformations. In these force-free states the polymer microstructure is material in the sense that it stretches and rotates with the macroscopic continuum. Limitations of and possible improvements upon the neo-classical model are also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

软岩流变的一种新的试验研究方法

研制了用于软岩流变的蠕变-松弛耦合试验仪,探讨了利用单级加载和逐级加载两种方式确定软岩流变参数和长期强度的蠕变-松弛耦合试验原理. 有关的具体试验表明,该仪器操作简便, 稳定性好,所得结果客观、可靠,可在工程中推广应用.     

不同排水条件下饱和软黏土动力特性试验研究

以宁波轨道交通1号线沿线软黏土为研究对象, 开展了不同动应力幅值下的循环动三轴试验, 研究了不排水和部分排水对饱和软黏土累积塑性应变、动孔压、动弹性模量及动阻尼比的影响. 结果表明: 在排水条件下对饱和软黏土的动力特性影响较大, 尤其是动孔压; 随着振动次数的增加, 部分排水条件下的动孔压存在一个峰值, 动孔压先增大后减小; 当动应力幅值较大时, 部分排水条件下累积塑性应变和动阻尼比小于不排水条件下的结果, 动弹性模量则大于不排水条件下的值; 对试验结果进行归一化处理后, 获得了动弹性模量、动阻尼比以及累积塑性应变的内在关系.     

磁敏智能软材料及磁流变机理

磁敏智能软材料是一类将微米或纳米尺度的磁性颗粒分散在不同基体中制备而成的多功能复合材料.由于其流变性能在外磁场的调控下可以实现连续、快速、可逆的改变,因此在建筑、振动控制和汽车工业等领域得到了广泛地应用.本文首先介绍了磁敏智能软材料发展历史及分类,分析了不同种类的磁敏智能软材料的特点和存在的科学问题;然后从实验和理论两个方面讨论了磁流变机理的研究现状;最后从实际应用的角度对这类材料未来的发展方向进行了展望.      

Comparison between computational fluid dynamics,fluid–structure interaction and computational structural dynamics predictions of flow-induced wall mechanics in an anatomically realistic cerebral aneurysm model

Haemodynamically induced stress plays an important role in the progression and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. The current work describes computational fluid dynamics (CFD), fluid–structure interaction (FSI) and computational structural dynamics (CSD) simulations in an anatomically realistic model of a carotid artery with two saccular cerebral aneurysms in the ophthalmic region. The model was obtained from three-dimensional (3D) rotational angiographic imaging data. CFD and FSI were studied under a physiologically representative waveform of inflow. The arterial wall was assumed elastic or hyperelastic, as a 3D solid or as a shell depending on the type of modelling used. The flow was assumed to be laminar, non-Newtonian and incompressible. The CFD, FSI and CSD models were solved with the finite elements package ADINA. Predictions of velocity field and wall shear stress (WSS) on the aneurysms made using CFD and FSI were compared. The CSD model of the aneurysms using complete geometry was compared with isolated aneurysm models. Additionally, the effects of hypertensive pressure on CSD aneurysm models are also reported. The vortex structure, WSS, effective stress, strain and displacement of the aneurysm walls showed differences, depending on the type of modelling used.     

An object-parameter approach to predicting unknown data in incomplete fuzzy soft sets

Incomplete data in soft sets lead to uncertainty and inaccuracy in representing and handling information. This paper introduces notions of complete distance between two objects and relative dominance degree between two parameters. Based on both the notions, an object-parameter method is proposed to predict unknown data in incomplete fuzzy soft sets. The proposal makes full use of known data, including the information from the relationship between known values of all objects on a certain parameter and the information from the relationship between known values of an object on all parameters. The effectiveness of the proposal is verified by many examples under the compared investigation of classical predicted methods.     

Operators on Soft Inner Product Spaces

In the present paper, self-adjoint operator and completely continuous operator on soft inner product spaces have been introduced and some basic properties of such operators are studied.