A quantum search algorithm based on partial adiabatic evolution

This paper presents and implements a specified partial adiabatic search algorithm on a quantum circuit. It studies the minimum energy gap between the first excited state and the ground state of the system Hamiltonian and it finds that,in the case of M = 1,the algorithm has the same performance as the local adiabatic algorithm. However,the algorithm evolves globally only within a small interval,which implies that it keeps the advantages of global adiabatic algorithms without losing the speedup of the local adiabatic search algorithm.     

Dynamic models of pest propagation and pest control

This paper proposes a pest propagation model to investigate the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates. A pest aggregate grows by self-monomer birth, and it may fragment into two smaller ones. The kinetic evolution behaviours of pest aggregates are investigated by the rate equation approach based on the mean-field theory. For a system with a self-birth rate kernel I(k)=Ik and a fragmentation rate kernel L(i,j)=L, we find that the total number M₀^A(t) and the total mass of the pest aggregates M₁^A(t) both increase exponentially with time if L ≠ 0. Furthermore, we introduce two catalysis-driven monomer death mechanisms for the former pest propagation model to study the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates under pesticide and natural enemy controlled pest propagation. In the pesticide controlled model with a catalyzed monomer death rate kernel J₁(k)=J₁k, it is found that only when I<J₁B₀ (B₀ is the concentration of catalyst aggregates) can the pests be killed off. Otherwise, the pest aggregates can survive. In the model of pest control with a natural enemy, a pest aggregate loses one of its individuals and the number of natural enemies increases by one. For this system, we find that no matter how many natural enemies there are at the beginning, pests will be eliminated by them eventually.     

Half-plane diffraction of Gaussian beams carrying two vortices of equal charges

This paper derives explicit expressions for the propagation of Gaussian beams carrying two vortices of equal charges m=±1 diffracted at a half-plane screen, which enables the study of the dynamic evolution of vortices in the diffraction field. It shows that there may be no vortices, a pair or several pairs of vortices of opposite charges m=+1, -1 in the diffraction field. Pair creation, annihilation and motion of vortices may appear upon propagation. The off-axis distance additionally affects the evolutionary behaviour. In the process the total topological charge is equal to zero, which is unequal to that of the vortex beam at the source plane. A comparison with the free-space propagation of two vortices of equal charges and a further extension are made.     

Constructing infinite sequence exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations

To construct the infinite sequence new exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations and study the first kind of elliptic function, new solutions and the corresponding Bäcklund transformation of the equation are presented. Based on this, the generalized pentavalent KdV equation and the breaking soliton equation are chosen as applicable examples and infinite sequence smooth soliton solutions, infinite sequence peak solitary wave solutions and infinite sequence compact soliton solutions are obtained with the help of symbolic computation system Mathematica. The method is of significance to search for infinite sequence new exact solutions to other nonlinear evolution equations.     

药物防治害虫的动力学行为

在农业生产中,农作物往往遭到虫灾的破坏,人们经常采用喷洒农药的方式来消灭害虫.在这里提出药物杀虫模型来研究害虫的动力学演化行为.在这个模型中害虫集团通过单体出生来增大,同时由于害虫的扩散行为,害虫集团会发生分解.害虫集团还会由于药物的作用而减小.在平均场理论的基础上通过解主方程的方法来研究害虫的动力学演化行为.结果发现:只有当初始药物量B0大于或者等于一定值Bc时,害虫才会以指数递减形式被完全消灭,否则害虫将会以指数递增形式增长,药物最终被消耗掉.     

Temperature Effect on Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at Au Electrode

The temperature dependence of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at a quasi-single crys-talline gold electrode in both 0.1 mol/L HClO₄ and 0.1 mol/L KOH solutions was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. HER current displays a clear increase with reaction overpotential (η) and temperature from 278～333 K. In 0.1 mol/L HClO₄ the Tafel slopes are found to increases slightly with temperature from 118 mV/dec to 146 mV/dec, while in 0.1 mol/L KOH it is ca. 153±15 mV/dec without clear temperature-dependent trend. The apparent activation energy (Ea) for HER at equilibrium potential is ca. 48 and 34 kJ/mol in 0.1 mol/L HClO₄ and 0.1 mol/L KOH, respectively. In acid solution, Ea decreases with increase in η, from Ea=37 kJ/mol (η=0.2 V) to 30 kJ/mol (η=0.35 V). In contrast, in 0.1 mol/L KOH, Ea does not show obvious change with η. The pre-exponential factor (A) in 0.1 mol/L HClO₄ is ca. 1 order higher than that in 0.1 mol/L KOH. Toward more negative potential, in 0.1 mol/L HClO₄ A changes little with potential, while in 0.1 mol/L KOH it displays a monotonic increase with η. The change trends of the potential-dependent kinetic parameters for HER at Au electrode in 0.1 mol/L HClO₄ and that in 0.1 mol/L KOH are discussed.     

梯形管内壁等离子体离子注入鞘层扩展MATLAB-PIC数值模拟

基于MATLAB利用Particle-in-cell模型,对梯形管内壁等离子体离子注入过程,进行了二维数值模拟.计算结果表明在中心电极附近出现了"阳极鞘层",该鞘层内部不存在离子,而且在鞘层边缘离子密度最高.在上下管壁上的离子注入剂量呈现"m"形分布.通过对注入过程中等离子体密度分布和不同时间段管壁不同位置离子注入剂量的跟踪,发现"阳极鞘层"扩展行为是导致"m"形分布的原因.由于梯形管形状的不对称性,"阳极鞘层"的边缘向梯形长底方向扩展较快.在注入初始时刻离子注入的能量很低,随着时间延长离子能量逐渐升高,这是由离子初始位置决定的.可见梯形管自身形状决定了鞘层形状和最终的离子注入能量和剂量分布.     

双面对称角度楔形镜的超光滑表面加工方法

对两个通光面均为超光滑表面的双面对称角度楔形镜的加工提出了一种新工艺方法,并根据零件的特点对工艺方法进行了改进。利用组合楔板工装、粘接上盘等方式对零件进行成盘加工,不仅使零件的角度、厚度得到了很好的保证,而且还避免了光胶上盘对已加工表面的损伤,使通光面的疵病、面形、粗糙度、一致性等指标有很大的改善,超光滑表面粗糙度rms均优于0.2 nm (AFM测量),表面疵病达到0级,角度精度达到15,一次交检合格率达到85%以上,有效地解决了生产中的瓶颈问题。     

铝素坯烧结过程微结构演化的实时观测

为实现对金属粉末压坯烧结过程的实时观测,从而验证现有的相关理论,本文利用同步辐射CT(SR-CT)技术,对铝压制陶瓷坯体的固相烧结过程进行实时投影成像;应用滤波反投影算法和数字图像处理技术,得到了陶瓷坯体在整个固相烧结过程中内部微结构演化的三维重建图像,实现了对铝压制陶瓷坯体整个固相烧结过程的无损原位观测,得到了样品由烧结中期进入烧结后期的完整的演化过程图像。通过重建图像,清晰观测了样品的固相烧结过程:在烧结前、中期(烧结时间t<180min、温度T<600℃),烧结颈形成并随烧结时间生长;由烧结中期开始进入后期时(烧结时间t≥180min、温度T≥600℃),样品内部结构演化加剧,气孔由相互连通演化为相互孤立并球化。进一步在实验图像的基础上分析了二面角等烧结特征的变化情况,得到烧结颈尺寸与时间对数有较好的线性关系,并可根据曲线分辨中期、后期。统计了样品在不同烧结时间的孔隙率,得到了孔隙率随烧结时间和烧结时间对数的变化曲线;分析了样品在不同烧结阶段的致密化特点,得到了烧结中期孔隙率和时间对数的线性关系。实验结果验证了现有的烧结理论,并为进一步完善烧结理论以及建立扩散和本构模型提供了高质量的实验数据。     

Abundant Exact Traveling Wave Solutions of Generalized Bretherton Equation via Improved (G′/G)-Expansion Method

In this article, we construct abundant exact traveling wave solutions involving free parameters to the generalized Bretherton equation via the improved (G′/G)-expansion method. The traveling wave solutions are presented in terms of the trigonometric, the hyperbolic, and rational functions. When the parameters take special values, the solitary waves are derived from the traveling waves.