重量分布式约束的LDPC码性能研究

本文对"重量分布式约束的码集合内码性能"这一命题进行了初步研究,分别得到了码集合性能的上限和下限,本文给出了性能下限码的Fill-Shift构造方法,而且由LDPC码校验矩阵不变性可以对LDPC码的校验矩阵作必要的初等变换,这样可以在保持码性能不变的前提下降低编码复杂度和实现系统编码;此外,还可以利用该性质加强对重要信息符号的差错保护.     

BitTorrent系统节点行为研究

测量分析P2P文件共享系统是解决P2P优化、网络管理等问题的基础。当前P2P网络设计日趋复杂,并且部分运行机制直接导致测量数据不完整或测量周期过长,比如BitTorrent文件共享系统。针对这一问题,本文抽象出BitTorrent系统的3个测量层次,包括索引测量、节点测量和内容测量,并重点解决了3个层次中的测量难题,设计实现了一个面向BitTorrent的测量系统。在此基础上,本文对BitTorrent系统进行了持续测量,并重点分析了BitTorrent系统的节点行为:节点演化规律和节点到达模型。测量结果表明,节点演化规律和节点到达均呈现强烈的周期性。为此,本文改进了节点到达模型,新模型与实际测量数据拟合效果较好,进一步修正了节点到达模型。     

Atomic Insights into the Enhanced Surface Stability in High Voltage Cathode Materials by Ultrathin Coating

Surface properties of electrode materials play a critical role in the function of batteries. Therefore, surface modifications, such as coatings, have been widely used to improve battery performance. Understanding how these coatings function to improve battery performance is crucial for both scientific research and applications. In this study the electrochemical performance of coated and uncoated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (LNMO) electrodes is correlated with ensemble‐averaged soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and spatially resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy‐electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM‐EELS) to illustrate the mechanism of how ultrathin layer Al₂O₃ coatings improve the cycle life of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄. Mn²⁺ evolution on the surface is clearly observed in the uncoated sample, which results from the reaction between the electrolytic solution and the surfaces of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ particles, and also possibly atomic structure reconstructions and oxygen loss from the surface region in LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄. The coating effectively suppresses Mn²⁺ evolution and improves the battery performance by decelerating the impedance buildup from the surface passivation. This study demonstrates the importance of combining ensemble‐averaged techniques (e.g., XAS) with localized techniques (e.g., STEM‐EELS), as the latter may yield unrepresentative information due to the limited number of studied particles, and sheds light on the design of future coating processes and materials.     

Embedding RhPx in N,P Co‐Doped Carbon Nanoshells Through Synergetic Phosphorization and Pyrolysis for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

Rational design and controllable synthesis of well‐defined nanostructures with high stability and Pt‐like activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are critical for renewable energy conversion. Herein, a unique pyrolysis strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of RhP_x nanoparticles (NPs) in N, P co‐doped thin carbon nanoshells (RhP_x@NPC nanoshells) that display high electrocatalytic activity and stability over a wide pH range. This strategy involves simultaneous phosphorization and pyrolysis processes that can produce highly‐dispersed RhP_x NPs within N, P co‐doped carbon nanoshells and at the same time induce thinning of carbon nanoshells from inside out. The resulting RhP_x@NPC nanoshells not only possess Pt‐like activity for HER with low overpotentials to achieve 10 mA cm^?2 (22 mV in 0.5 m H₂SO₄, 69 mV in 1.0 m KOH, and 38 mV in 1.0 m phosphate buffered saline (PBS)) but also provide long‐term durability in a wide pH range. The remarkable HER performance of RhP_x@NPC nanoshells is ascribed to the high surface area, abundant mesoporosity, strong catalyst–support interaction, ultrathin carbon encapsulation, and N, P co‐doping. This work provides an effective strategy for designing heterostructured electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and stability desired for reactions that may occur under harsh conditions.     

数据库语言SQL标准演变分析

介绍了ISO/IEC 9075“信息技术数据库语言SQL”标准20多年的演变过程,并对其发展过程中影响力较大的4个版本(SQL92、SQL99、SQL2003和SQL2008)的差异进行了分析.SQL标准的发展演变主要体现在标准结构、分级方式和“非核心级”标准内容上,标准的“核心级”部分自SQL92以来未发生太大的变化.     

激光快速成形过程中熔池形态的演化

采用高速摄影技术对激光快速成形过程中液态熔池的形成及其演化过程进行了实时观察。结果发现,以一定速度向前运动的激光束辐照基材时,基材表面开始熔化并形成液态熔池,经过一个较短的时间间隔(约1．0 s)后熔池深度增大至一定值,熔池长度则围绕一恒定值波动。以恒定送粉率向熔池中连续送进金属粉末时,熔池的长度和宽度逐渐减小,熔池寿命缩短。同时熔池后沿不断抬高即熔覆层厚度不断增加,最大熔深处熔池自由表面法向和激光束轴线之间的夹角由几度逐渐增大到20°～30°左右。熔池自由表面发生周期性的变化,实验观察到熔池后沿有周期性的“岛状凸起”出现和消失现象。数值计算结果证实这主要是熔池中熔体在表面张力梯度下引起的强制对流作用的结果。     

Ru Species Supported on MOF‐Derived N‐Doped TiO2/C Hybrids as Efficient Electrocatalytic/Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts

The development of efficient catalysts is of great importance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of water splitting via electrocatalytic/photocatalytic processes to remediate the current severe environmental and energy problems. By aid of the stabilization effects of uncoordinated groups and inherent pore‐confinement of amine‐functionalized metal–organic frameworks (NH₂‐MIL‐125), two forms of Ru species including nanoparticles (NPs) and/or single atoms (SAs) can be firmly embedded in NH₂‐MIL‐125 derived N‐doped TiO₂/C support (N‐TC), and thus obtain two kinds of samples named Ru‐NPs/SAs@N‐TC and Ru‐SAs@N‐TC, respectively. In the synthetic process, the initial feeding amount of Ru³⁺ ions not only strongly determines the final size and dispersion states of Ru species but also the morphology and defective structures of N‐TC support. Impressively, Ru‐NPs/SAs@N‐TC exhibit superior catalytic activities to Ru‐SAs@N‐TC for either electrocatalytic or photocatalytic HER. This should be attributed to its larger specific surface area and benefiting from synergistic coupling of Ru NPs and Ru SAs. It is envisioned that the present work can provide a new avenue for development of high‐efficiency and multifunctional hybrid catalysts in sustainable energy conversion.     

从银电极上氢析出的温度效应得到的反应动力学启示

利用循环伏安法研究了多晶银电极在0.1 mol/L HClO₄溶液中氢析出反应的温度效应. 发现当从析氢起始电位负向扫描至零电荷电位(-0.4 V)时,氢析出反应的表观活化能(E_a,app)和指前因子(A)均随着电势的负移而增大(对应的E_a,app从24 kJ/mol增大至32 kJ/mol).继续负向扫描至零电荷电位以后,E_a,app随电势的负移而减小但A不随电势变化. 推测E_a,app和A在零     

氢化作用对低能电子束辐照下GaN发光演变的影响

结合氢在GaN中的扩散特性,运用阴极荧光（CL）谱,对氢化前后低能电子束辐照下GaN带边发光强度的演变进行了研究.实验发现,氢化前GaN在低能电子束辐照下带边发光强度呈现衰减的趋势,而氢化后带边发射强度先上升后衰减,而且氢化后的衰减比氢化前弱.1 h辐照过程中,氢化后GaN带边发光强度的变化比氢化前要小很多.另外,实验中发现经过氢化处理的GaN在辐照后20 h内没有观察到带边发射强度的恢复.研究表明氢原子在GaN中可以钝化缺陷来增强发光,但这种钝化缺陷的作用必须通过克服高的扩散势垒来实现,而低能电子束可以 关键词： 阴极荧光 低能电子束 氢化 演变     

一类非线性发展方程的特征中心差分法

给出一类非线性发展方程的特征中心差分法,分别得到非规则网格上的位移u、速度u_t及其对空间变量x的一阶导数项的差分解和误差估计.所讨论方法的计算量与基于线性插值的特征差分法相当,其近似解与基于二次插值的特征差分法的近似解具有相同阶的误差估计,u,u_t对空间变量x的一阶导数近似均具有超收敛误差估计.数值试验说明了该方法的可行性和有效性.