Silaboration of [1.1.1]Propellane: A Storable Feedstock for Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives

The silaboration of [1.1.1]propellane enables direct introduction of B and Si functional groups onto the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) scaffold in high yield under mild, additive‐free conditions. The silaborated BCP can be obtained on a gram‐scale in a single step without the need for column‐chromatographic purification, and is storable and easy to handle, providing a versatile synthetic intermediate for BCP derivatives. We also describe various conversions of the C?B/C?Si bonds on the BCP scaffold, including development of a modified Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction at the highly sterically hindered bridgehead sp³ carbon center of the BCP skeleton using a combination of highly activated BCP boronic esters, copper(I) oxide, and a PdCl₂(dppf) catalyst system.     

Equilibrium Formation of Stable All‐Silicon Versions of 1,3‐Cyclobutanediyl

Main group analogues of cyclobutane‐1,3‐diyls are fascinating due to their unique reactivity and electronic properties. So far only heteronuclear examples have been isolated. Here we report the isolation and characterization of all‐silicon 1,3‐cyclobutanediyls as stable closed‐shell singlet species from the reversible reactions of cyclotrisilene c‐Si₃Tip₄ (Tip=2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl) with the N‐heterocyclic silylenes c‐[(CR₂CH₂)(NtBu)₂]Si: (R=H or methyl) with saturated backbones. At elevated temperatures, tetrasilacyclobutenes are obtained from these equilibrium mixtures. The corresponding reaction with the unsaturated N‐heterocyclic silylene c‐(CH)₂(NtBu)₂Si: proceeds directly to the corresponding tetrasilacyclobutene without detection of the assumed 1,3‐cyclobutanediyl intermediate.     

Small molecule diffusion in a rubbery polymer near Tg: Effects of probe size,shape, and flexibility

A novel experimental approach involving fluorescence nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) is employed to study the Fickian diffusion of small molecules in rubbery poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA) films near the glass transition, using a formalism that directly relates the small molecule translational diffusion coefficient, D, to changes in the normalized nonradiative energy transfer efficiency, E_N. Values of D for pyrene, 1,3-bis-(1-pyrene) propane (BPP), 1,3-bis-(1-pyrene) decane (BPD), 9,10-bis-phenyl ethynyl anthracene (BPEA), diphenyl Disperse Red 4 (DPDR4), and decacyclene in PiBMA are measured over temperatures ranging from approximately T_g to T_g + 25°C. Among these chromophores, significant differences in both the magnitude and temperature dependence of D are observed which are attributed to differences in molecule shape and flexibility, as well as molar volume. Other factors being equal, chromophore flexibility was shown both to increase the magnitude of D and to decrease its dependence on temperature, as does an increase in aspect ratio. For BPD, these effects are attributed to the ability of the flexible molecule to diffuse in a piecewise manner, requiring the cooperative mobility of fewer polymer chain segments than a rigid molecule of the same molar volume. For BPEA and DPDR4, this deviation from D being dominated by molar volume effects is attributed the to high aspect ratio of these elongated molecules. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于时域的红外图像序列中快速运动小目标检测算法

提出了一种新的红外图像序列中快速运动小目标时域模型。为差分图像序列中的背景像素、目标像素、杂波像素建立了模型,将目标检测问题转化为噪声中已知信号的检测问题,并应用相关检测技术进行目标检测。理论分析表明,在SNR和SCR均大于6的情况下,算法具有很好的性能,实验结果也证实了算法的有效性。     

一种新的弱小目标检测方法

基于对红外图像中目标和背景特性的分析,提出了一种新的基于标记信息和梯度信息相融合的弱小目标检测方法。在红外图像空间,根据目标的特性,利用双重窗进行可能目标的搜索,并进行标记;同时并行的对原始图像进行梯度计算。对标记信息和梯度信息进行融合,进行目标的初次确定。再利用自适应门限对融合后的图像进行目标分割。实验结果证明了该方法能有效的检测出弱小目标。     

基于自适应加权Fisherface算法的人脸识别

提出了一种改进的Fisherface算法。算法首先利用Karhunen-Loeve（K-L）变换降维,在降维的子空间内,根据样本与同类样本间的距离赋予该样本一权值,再用加权后的样本求取类均值,以新的类均值重建类内散布矩阵和类间散布矩阵,从而改进Fisher判别函数。在ORL和Yale人脸库上的实验结果表明,该算法优于传统的主成分分析（PCA）方法和Fisherface方法,并能有效解决小样本情况下训练样本类均值偏离类中心的问题。     

近红外荧光探针检测金属离子、小分子和生物大分子

荧光探针技术是近年来发展迅速的一种荧光分析方法,具有灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简便和响应迅速等特点,受到环境及生命科学领域的青睐.随着荧光探针技术的发展,近红外一区荧光探针由于具有发射波长长(600～ 900 nm)、对细胞损伤小、组织穿透性强和自发荧光背景低等优点,被广泛应用于细胞、组织等复杂生物体系中生物分子的检测、...     

一种基于匹配滤波的红外小目标检测系统

低信噪比条件下的小目标检测问题一直是近些年来国内外学者研究的一个热门课题。目前,围绕这一课题已经发展了许多有实际意义的检测算法和处理机体系结构。本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,针对复杂背景红外图像的统计特性,提出了一种基于组合式空间匹配滤波器的运动小目标检测方法。     

基于改进SUSAN原则的小目标检测算法

为解决复杂云层背景下红外弱小目标的检测问题,提出了基于改进SUSAN原则的检测方法,该方法通过重新定义SUSAN原则,改进模板形状,自适应设置阈值,使之对小目标极为敏感,抑制背景和噪声。实验证明,该算法对于信噪比小于2的弱小目标有较强的单帧检测能力。     

基于图像处理的光学谐振腔自准直研究方法

针对我国氧碘化学激光器输出能量不断提高的情况下,主要限制光束质量的因素之一是出光过程中的光腔失调,提出了一种基于图像处理的光学谐振腔自准直研究方法。该研究方法利用氦氖穿腔光通过凹腔镜中心孔,并在凸腔镜后方放置工业相机,在屏幕上方形成一个干涉同心圆环。通过借助OpenCV库中二值化、霍夫圆检测等图像处理的方法,获得干涉同心圆环的圆心坐标,再通过以圆心为中心将图像分成上下左右四个部分,通过判断这四部分亮点像素的数量差值来预估干涉同心圆环的偏移状态,进而获得空腔条件下光学谐振腔发生变化的理论判据。实验结果表明,该方法可以获得相当精准的光学谐振腔失调判据,其失调判据选取左右亮点像素差值30000,上下亮点像素差值45000,为今后失调判据与步进电机自动调腔的结合做好充足的准备。