低热-高压法制备PLGA多孔支架及其体外降解研究

采用低热-高压法制备了聚(dl-丙交酯／乙交酯)75／25(PLGA75／25)组织工程多孔支架。该方法避免了使用有机溶剂，支架的孔隙率在90％以上，孔径大小分布均匀。多孔支架经过酒精处理后，支架表面产生许多微小的凹陷；用藻酸钙改性处理后，支架形态保持良好。两种处理都使支架的压缩强度有所增大，亲水性增强。虽然孔隙率高的支架降解速率稍慢，但其体外降解规律基本一致：特性粘数争力学强度衰减快，而质量损失较慢，降解6周后，支架的质量损失仅为3％左右；体外降解3周后，支架的形态保持良好，可望在细胞移植争组织修复的早期发挥支撑作用。     

Thermally produced biodegradable scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

A novel process was developed to fabricate biodegradable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, without using organic solvents. Solvent residues in scaffolds fabricated by processes involving organic solvents may damage cells transplanted onto the scaffolds or tissue near the transplantation site. Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) powder and NaCl particles in a mold were compressed and subsequently heated at 180 degrees C (near the PLLA melting temperature) for 3 min. The heat treatment caused the polymer particles to fuse and form a continuous matrix containing entrapped NaCl particles. After dissolving the NaCl salts, which served as a porogen, porous biodegradable PLLA scaffolds were formed. The scaffold porosity and pore size were controlled by adjusting the NaCl/PLLA weight ratio and the NaCl particle size. The characteristics of the scaffolds were compared to those of scaffolds fabricated using a conventional solvent casting/particulate leaching (SC/PL) process, in terms of pore structure, pore-size distribution, and mechanical properties. A scanning electron microscopic examination showed highly interconnected and open pore structures in the scaffolds fabricated using the thermal process, whereas the SC/PL process yielded scaffolds with less interconnected and closed pore structures. Mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed that the thermally produced scaffolds had a much more uniform distribution of pore sizes than the SC/PL process. The utility of the thermally produced scaffolds was demonstrated by engineering cartilaginous tissues in vivo. In summary, the thermal process developed in this study yields tissue-engineering scaffolds with more favorable characteristics, with respect to, freedom from organic solvents, pore structure, and size distribution than the SC/PL process. Moreover, the thermal process could also be used to fabricate scaffolds from polymers that are insoluble in organic solvents, such as poly(glycolic acid). Cartilage tissue regenerated from thermally produced PLLA scaffold.     

薄层扫描法测定冬眠过程中刺猬活性组织酶的周期变化

薄层扫描法测定冬眠过程中刺猬活性组织酶的周期变化冯金城（天津师范大学天津３０００７４）孙金生（天津水产研究所天津３００２２１）１前言为了跟踪观察刺猬在冬眠过程中体内乳酸脱氢酶的周期性变化，利用薄层扫描仪测定了其相关的组织同工酶的差异。实践证明，此法简...     

Novel photopolymerizable biodegradable triblock polymers for tissue engineering scaffolds: synthesis and characterization

For use in micro-patterned scaffolds in tissue engineering, novel diacrylated triblock macromers (PLA-b-PCL-b-PLA, PGA-b-PCL-b-PGA and PCL-b-PEO-b-PCL) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). All diacrylated polymers were designed as triblock copolymers and involved biodegradable blocks of relatively non-polar epsilon-caprolactone (CL) and polar monomers such as glycolide (GA), lactide (LA) or ethylene oxide (EO). All triblock polymers were prepared in molecular weights of a few kilo daltons via the anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the corresponding lactide, glycolide or caprolactone using stannous octoate [Sn(Oct)(2)] as catalyst. The polymers had low polydispersity indices, ranging from 1.23 to 1.56. Biodegradable polymeric networks were prepared with conversions of 72-84% via photopolymerization of the triblock diacrylated polymers with 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) as photoinitiator. PLA-b-PCL-b-PLA copolymers crumbled easily and were not suitable for micro-patterning. PGA-b-PCL-b-PGA copolymers had higher water contact angles than PCL-b-PEO-b-PCL and were also cytocompatible with Fibroblasts 3T3.     

SAPO—11分子筛用i—Pr2NH导向合成及其酸性研究

以ＡｌＰＯ４、Ｈ３ＰＯ４、ＳｉＯ２等为原料采用单一模板剂ｉＰｒ２ＮＨ合成了ＳＡＰＯ１１分子筛，利用Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程等对合成过程进行了定量描述。还利用红外（ＩＲ）、程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）、线性丁烯骨架异构反应催化活性测试等手段表征了ＳＡＰＯ１１的酸性。结果表明，合成过程随温度有明显变化，晶化阶段的活化能远高于核化阶段的值。可用Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程的参数来表征合成过程的难易程度。分子筛中存在Ｂ酸和Ｌ酸位，主要在中等强度范围，从而对线性丁烯骨架异构反应有较好的催化活性。提高分子筛中硅含量可明显增大酸位浓度，酸强度也有轻度增强。     

Application of matrix solid-phase dispersion in the analysis of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish samples

The performance of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish tissue is described. The suitability of different solid supports was tested as well as the influence on the extraction efficiency of the natural fat content in samples. Under optimal conditions 0.6-0.8 g of tissue sample, are dispersed with 2 g of octadecylsiloxane (C18) and 0.5 g of anhydrous sodium sulphate and transferred to the top of a polyethylene solid-phase extraction cartridge which already contains 2 g of florisil and 1 g of C18. Cartridges were eluted with acetonitrile. The analysis of the extracts was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence detection. The proposed method provides detection limits between 0.04 and 0.32 ng/g for the different considered PAHs, below the maximum levels established by the some regulatory bodies for the six PAHs after recent oil spill episodes and European Union regulations. Recoveries over 80% were obtained for all compounds. Accuracy validation was carried out using the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM 2977 reference material.     

Comparison of slurry sampling and microwave-assisted digestion for calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc determination in fish tissue samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

The development of a slurry sampling method for the determination of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium and zinc in fish tissue samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry is described. In comparison with microwave-assisted digestion, the proposed method is simple, requires short time and eliminates total sample dissolution before analysis. Suspension medium was optimized for each analyte to obtain quantitative recoveries from fish tissue samples without matrix interferences. Nevertheless, iron recoveries higher than 46% were not found. Treatment of samples slurried in nitric acid by microwave irradiation for 15-30 s at 75-285 W permitted to achieve efficient recoveries for calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc. Further improvement in the matrix effects for iron determination was accomplished by the use of an additional step of short microwave-assisted suspension treatment. However, standard addition method was required for calcium and copper determination, being necessary hydrochloric acid as suspension medium for the last one. Although copper could not be determined in the certified reference material using microwave-assisted digestion, the accuracy of the slurry sampling method was verified for all the investigated analytes. Detection limits were 22.8 ± 8.0, 0.884 ± 0.092, 5.07 ± 0.76, 35.5 ± 0.7 and 1.17 ± 0.04 μg g⁻¹ for calcium, copper, iron, magnesium and zinc, respectively. The standard deviations obtained using slurry sampling method and microwave-assisted digestion were not significantly different, and the mean relative standard deviation of the over-all method (n = 3) of the slurry sampling method for different concentration levels was below 12%.     

CoAPO-11分子筛的合成、表征和催化性能： 1-己烯异构化反应

水热法合成了钴取代磷铝酸盐分子筛CoAPO-11，并采用了X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱以及氮气吸脱附等表征手段对合成的样品进行表征，并在合成的分子筛上进行1-己烯异构化反应评价，并考查了温度和空速对反应的影响。结果表明，在反应温度300℃及空速为2.4h－1CoAPO-11分子筛对1-己烯异构化反应具有较好的催化性能。