Optical diffraction tomography microscopy with transport of intensity equation using a light-emitting diode array

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is an effective label-free technique for quantitatively refractive index imaging, which enables long-term monitoring of the internal three-dimensional (3D) structures and molecular composition of biological cells with minimal perturbation. However, existing optical tomographic methods generally rely on interferometric configuration for phase measurement and sophisticated mechanical systems for sample rotation or beam scanning. Thereby, the measurement is suspect to phase error coming from the coherent speckle, environmental vibrations, and mechanical error during data acquisition process. To overcome these limitations, we present a new ODT technique based on non-interferometric phase retrieval and programmable illumination emitting from a light-emitting diode (LED) array. The experimental system is built based on a traditional bright field microscope, with the light source replaced by a programmable LED array, which provides angle-variable quasi-monochromatic illumination with an angular coverage of ±37 degrees in both x and y directions (corresponding to an illumination numerical aperture of ∼0.6). Transport of intensity equation (TIE) is utilized to recover the phase at different illumination angles, and the refractive index distribution is reconstructed based on the ODT framework under first Rytov approximation. The missing-cone problem in ODT is addressed by using the iterative non-negative constraint algorithm, and the misalignment of the LED array is further numerically corrected to improve the accuracy of refractive index quantification. Experiments on polystyrene beads and thick biological specimens show that the proposed approach allows accurate refractive index reconstruction while greatly reduced the system complexity and environmental sensitivity compared to conventional interferometric ODT approaches.     

SIMILARITY LAWS AND SCALING OF PENETRATION TESTS

利用球形空腔膨胀理论的响应函数对靶板在弹体撞击下的侵彻进行分析，并基于量纲理论建立了侵彻相似律的一般形式.通过对侵彻混凝土靶的已有实验数据进行分析，得到了不同缩比因子下，无量纲侵彻深度曲线随侵彻速度不同而发生偏转和偏移.考虑到材料的应变率效应和损伤演化，认为几何相似律对混凝土等脆性材料在抗侵彻时不成立，有必要引入材料应变率效应和损伤演化对几何相似律的修正.     

Similarity of $$sgn x( - \tfrac{{d^2 }}{{dx^2 }} + c\delta )$$ Type Operators to Normal and Self-adjoint Operators

Mathematical Notes -     

On Selfsimilar Jordan Curves on the Plane

We study the attractors of a finite system of planar contraction similarities S _j (j=1,...,n) satisfying the coupling condition: for a set {x ₀,...,x _n} of points and a binary vector (s ₁,...,s _n ), called the signature, the mapping S _j takes the pair {x ₀,x _n} either into the pair {x _j-1,x _j } (if s _j =0) or into the pair {x _j , x _j-1} (if s _j =1). We describe the situations in which the Jordan property of such attractor implies that the attractor has bounded turning, i.e., is a quasiconformal image of an interval of the real axis.     

Comparison of structure fingerprint and molecular interaction field based methods in explaining biological similarity of small molecules in cell-based screens

In this work, we calculated the pair wise chemical similarity for a subset of small molecules screened against the NCI60 cancer cell line panel. Four different compound similarity calculation methods were used: Brutus, GRIND, Daylight and UNITY. The chemical similarity scores of each method were related to the biological similarity data set. The same was done also for combinations of methods. In the end, we had an estimate of biological similarity for a given chemical similarity score or combinations thereof. The data from above was used to identify chemical similarity ranges where combining two or more methods (data fusion) led to synergy. The results were also applied in ligand-based virtual screening using the DUD data set. In respect to their ability to enrich biologically similar compound pairs, the ranking of the four methods in descending performance is UNITY, Daylight, Brutus and GRIND. Combining methods resulted always in positive synergy within a restricted range of chemical similarity scores. We observed no negative synergy. We also noted that combining three or four methods had only limited added advantage compared to combining just two. In the virtual screening, using the estimated biological similarity for ranking compounds produced more consistent results than using the methods in isolation.     

涂层光电隐身效果评估方法研究

根据目标搜索模型和现代图像处理理论，提出了基于灰度直方图、灰度共生矩阵和灰度-梯度共生矩阵的整体相似系数和局部相似系数，并以此作为评价涂层光电隐身效果的两个重要参数，实验结果验证了结论的正确性．     

基于多媒体融合的图像检索系统的实现

提出一种融合了文本、语音、图像等信息特征的图像检索方案,并以MATLAB为平台构建了一种基于语音识别技术的新型图像检索系统.与基于文本或基于内容的图像检索系统相比,该系统既提高了检索性能,又使得人机交互更加便利.     

一种基于分布式Agent的信息检索模型

针对目前Internet信息检索中存在的问题,结合人工智能和分布式Agent技术,提出了一种基于分布式Agent的信息检索的模型,并分析了各个模块的功能和系统的实现。     

Scaling considerations for modelling the in situ vitrification process

Thermal-electric field interactions occur in many areas of engineering. An example is the in situ vitrification process, a relatively new technology for remediating hazardous wastes. Mathematical and physical modelling of this process requires knowledge of the similarity constraints involving thermal- electric fields. This paper addresses this issue and derives the scaling relationships for modelling the remediation process from fundamental principles. Requirements for maintaining temperature and electric potential field similarity between the model and the prototype are determined as well as requirements for maintaining similarity in off-gas generation rates. A scaling rationale for designing reduced scale experiments is presented, and the results are assessed numerically.