Polyaniline/Platinum Composite Cathode Catalysts Towards Durable Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Polymer stabilization proved to be a promising approach to increase the catalytic performance of common platinum/carbon based cathode catalysts (Pt/C) used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Platinum and polyaniline composite catalysts (Pt/C/PANI) were prepared by combining chemical polymerization reactions with anion exchange reactions. Electrochemical ex-situ characterizations of the decorated Pt/C/PANI catalysts show high catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and, more importantly, a significant enhanced durability compared to the undecorated Pt/C catalyst. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations reveal structural benefits of Pt/C/PANI for ORR catalysis. All studies confirm high potential of Pt/C/PANI for practical fuel cell application.     

Nitro-, Cyano-, and Methylfuroxans,and Their Bis-Derivatives: From Green Primary to Melt-Cast Explosives

In the present work, we studied in detail the thermochemistry, thermal stability, mechanical sensitivity, and detonation performance for 20 nitro-, cyano-, and methyl derivatives of 1,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxide (furoxan), along with their bis-derivatives. For all species studied, we also determined the reliable values of the gas-phase formation enthalpies using highly accurate multilevel procedures W2-F12 and/or W1-F12 in conjunction with the atomization energy approach and isodesmic reactions with the domain-based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) modifications of the coupled-cluster techniques. Apart from this, we proposed reliable benchmark values of the formation enthalpies of furoxan and a number of its (azo)bis-derivatives. Additionally, we reported the previously unknown crystal structure of 3-cyano-4-nitrofuroxan. Among the monocyclic compounds, 3-nitro-4-cyclopropyl and dicyano derivatives of furoxan outperformed trinitrotoluene, a benchmark melt-cast explosive, exhibited decent thermal stability (decomposition temperature >200 °C) and insensitivity to mechanical stimuli while having notable volatility and low melting points. In turn, 4,4′-azobis-dicarbamoyl furoxan is proposed as a substitute of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, a benchmark brisant high explosive. Finally, the application prospects of 3,3′-azobis-dinitro furoxan, one of the most powerful energetic materials synthesized up to date, are limited due to the tremendously high mechanical sensitivity of this compound. Overall, the investigated derivatives of furoxan comprise multipurpose green energetic materials, including primary, secondary, melt-cast, low-sensitive explosives, and an energetic liquid.     

Interlaboratory Study to Improve the Quality Control of Methylmercury Determination in Sediment

The results are presented of an interlaboratory study on methylmercury (MeHg) in sediment carried out by a group of European laboratories within the framework of a project managed by the EC Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR). The aim of this exercise was to evaluate the performance of current methods used for MeHg determination in sediment in order to improve the state-of-the-art prior to the certification of a candidate reference material. The paper describes the organization of the interlaboratory study, the preparation of the sediment material used, the techniques evaluated and the results obtained by the participating laboratories. The outcome of the collaborative project showed that certification could be contemplated, providing that certain analytical techniques were optimized, especially with regard to extraction methods.     

无线产品OTA空间射频性能测试方法改进

介绍了无线产品OTA空间射频的取点方法,TRP、TIS测试方法的准确性和效率很大程度上取决于测试点的选取。均匀取点测试方法在测试误差、测试点数及路径规划等方面比等角度取点方法更有优势。最后用仿真和试验验证了均匀取点测试方法的准确性。     

箔式聚丙烯电容器电压失效机理及工艺控制

箔式聚丙烯电容器在高温负荷及整机使用时易击穿。为了改善箔式电容器的抗电性能,对切割、卷绕、热压、焊接和浸渍工艺进行了研究。结果表明:切割时应尽量消除铝箔毛刺,卷绕时毛刺应卷在芯子端面,热压压强取5.88MPa,焊接时控制引线间距,浸渍应在真空度为–0.09MPa时进行。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

PVP/CHI交联共混水凝胶的pH敏感性研究

制备戊二醛交联的PVP/CH I共混水凝胶,红外光谱佐证了凝胶网络的生成。pH敏感性实验表明,凝胶的溶胀率在pH=1.0的介质中最大,在pH=4.0的介质中次之,在中性或pH=9.0的碱性介质中最低,表明凝胶具有明显的pH敏感性。CH I含量、交联剂用量、CH I脱乙酰度均对凝胶的pH敏感性有影响,CH I含量40%、交联剂用量0.3%、CH I脱乙酰度99%的PVP/CH I凝胶pH敏感性较显著。介质pH值由1.0到7.0变化时,凝胶拉伸强度随着溶胀率的降低而增大。     

非紧密堆积型光子晶体凝胶的制备及其压敏性质研究

利用简单的离心-重悬浮方法去除二氧化硅胶体溶液中的杂质离子, 通过静电排斥作用自组装形成非紧密堆积型二氧化硅光子晶体; 丙烯酰胺单体原位聚合形成聚丙烯酰胺凝胶锁定二氧化硅光子晶体的有序结构得到非紧密堆积的二氧化硅光子晶体凝胶, 该凝胶的Bragg衍射峰可以覆盖整个可见光区域; 利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的环境响应特性, 研究了光子晶体凝胶的压力敏感性质. 实验结果表明: 作用于光子晶体凝胶的压力变化导致其体积发生改变, 直接体现在光子晶体凝胶的Bragg衍射峰位置发生改变. 光子晶体凝胶在可视化检测方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

太赫兹无损检测在文物保护领域的研究进展

为更好地设计基于不同材料、不同制作工艺文物的最佳保护方案,文物保护科技人员首先需要选用最有效的无损检测方法对文物进行全面检测。太赫兹波具有光子能量低、对非金属和非极性物质有较强穿透性、可同时获得脉冲电场振幅和相位信息、较好的抗干扰能力等独特性质,使其在诸多无损检测方法中脱颖而出。本文系统综述了太赫兹技术在文物无损检测应用中的最新研究进展;阐述了不同类型文物材料的太赫兹光谱特征、太赫兹成像检测技术原理和特点;指出了太赫兹无损检测技术对不同类型文物进行无损检测的技术关键点,列举了太赫兹技术在文物科学领域最成功和最具代表性的应用实例。最后展望了太赫兹无损检测技术在文物保护领域的发展趋势。     

基于数值计算的斜流泵级性能改进

采用CFD数值模拟的方法对斜流泵级内部三维紊流流场进行计算,预测了其效率-流量、扬程-流量特性,并与实验结果进行了对比验证。根据得到的流场结果,通过斜流泵级水力尺寸改进-数值模拟分析的循环工作,在最终改进的斜流泵级预测流场中减少了泵内流场的漩涡运动,避免了出口回流的产生,削弱了叶顶间隙泄漏涡,提高了斜流泵级的效率,改进了能量特性,得到了斜流泵级改进前后流场与效率的对比。