全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15007篇 |
免费 | 2513篇 |
国内免费 | 1568篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5911篇 |
晶体学 | 288篇 |
力学 | 194篇 |
综合类 | 75篇 |
数学 | 183篇 |
物理学 | 7804篇 |
无线电 | 4633篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 54篇 |
2023年 | 141篇 |
2022年 | 340篇 |
2021年 | 409篇 |
2020年 | 419篇 |
2019年 | 355篇 |
2018年 | 341篇 |
2017年 | 509篇 |
2016年 | 548篇 |
2015年 | 582篇 |
2014年 | 813篇 |
2013年 | 1079篇 |
2012年 | 1115篇 |
2011年 | 963篇 |
2010年 | 777篇 |
2009年 | 896篇 |
2008年 | 936篇 |
2007年 | 1108篇 |
2006年 | 967篇 |
2005年 | 843篇 |
2004年 | 783篇 |
2003年 | 713篇 |
2002年 | 629篇 |
2001年 | 504篇 |
2000年 | 477篇 |
1999年 | 455篇 |
1998年 | 333篇 |
1997年 | 326篇 |
1996年 | 295篇 |
1995年 | 229篇 |
1994年 | 216篇 |
1993年 | 190篇 |
1992年 | 175篇 |
1991年 | 151篇 |
1990年 | 85篇 |
1989年 | 81篇 |
1988年 | 52篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 17篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Tapan Kumar Lal John F. Richardson Mark S. Mashuta Robert M. Buchanan Rabindranath Mukherjee 《Polyhedron》1997,16(24):1248-4336
Synthesis and characterization of a nitrite-bound copper(II) compound [CuL4)2(ONO)]ClO4 have been achieved (L4 = 2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine]. The bidentate ligand L4 provides a pyridine and a pyrazole donor site; however, they are separated by a methylene spacer. The complex has been structurally characterized and it belongs to only a handful of complexes having nitrito-bound mononuclear copper(II) centre. The metal atom has a distorted square pyramidal geometry with the copper atom displaced from the equatorial plane by 0.25 Å. In MeCN solution the green complex exhibits a broad ligand-field transition at 655 nm with a shoulder at 675 nm and in dichloromethane-toluene glass (80 K) it exhibits an EPR spectral feature characteristic of the unpaired electron in the dx2−y2 orbital. Variable-temperature (80–300 K) magnetic susceptibility measurements in the solid state as well as room temperature measurement in MeCN solution reveal mononuclear magnetically dilute copper(II) centre. When examined by cyclic voltammetry (MeCN solution) it displays electrochemically irreversible CuII---CuI response [cathodic peak potential, Epc (V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE)): −0.32]. An oxidative response is observed at 1.14 V, probably due to bound-nitrite oxidation and is partially removed to generate a solvated complex at the electrode surface. The latter species gives rise to reversible CuII---CuI redox response [
]. 相似文献
62.
The effect of nonradiative reverse energy transport (NRET) in two donor-acceptor systems was studied experimentally. It was found that the NRET occurring in system I; rhodamine 6G (donor) and rhodamine B (acceptor), considerably lowers the emission anisotropy at medium and high concentrations. These results qualitatively confirm the predictions of the approximate theoretical approach of L. Kulak and C. Bojarski (see the preceding paper). In system II; rhodamine 6G (donor) and Nile Blue (acceptor), for which the NRET process does not occur, a good agreement with no-back-transport theory was obtained. 相似文献
63.
Hasalettin Deligöz 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2006,55(3-4):197-218
Azocalixarenes, which have a conjugated chromophore azo (–N=N–) group in p-positions, are synthesized in “one-pot” procedures in satisfactory yields. Their structures in the solid and solution are elucidated by UV–vis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods as well as elemental analysis techniques. Some of them are complexed with metal ions (alkali, alkaline-earth and transition metal ions) under neutral conditions. A wide variety of applications is expected by the functionalization of the side arms. The selective liquid–liquid extraction of various alkali, alkaline-earth and transition metal cations from the aqueous phase to the organic phase is carried out by using azocalixarenes. Furthermore, the synthesized azocalixarenes are utilized for selective extraction of Fe3+ cations from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. The effects of varying pH and solvent upon the absorption ability of azocalixarenes substituted with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups at their o-, m-, p-positions are examined. The thermal behaviours of azocalixarenes containing upper rim functionalized groups are investigated by means of thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG). 相似文献
64.
65.
66.
激光微细加工中微小曝光区域的计算机温度测量系统 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
在半导体的激光微细加工技术里,微小曝光区域的温度分布是关键的工艺参数,必须得到精确的测量。而为了使温度测量不影响曝光区的温度分布,需采用不接触测量方法。研制了计算机温度测量系统,实现了微小激光曝光区温度的实时不接触测量。系统中,InGaAs/InP光探测器将微小高温区的温度信号转换为光电流.再经信号放大及模/数转换后输入计算机。结合温度定标实验,对测得的温度数据进行插值运算,在实验中可以实时显示出曝光区的温度值。系统的温度分辨率可达到0.2℃,测量区域的最小直径可达到18μm。同时设计了搜索算法,使温度数据采集和精密位移平台的移动相配合,实现了温度分布的测量和最高温度区的准确定位。 相似文献
67.
能量选择中子成像技术是利用特定范围波长(能量)的中子进行成像。在热/冷中子范围内(<25meV),能量选择中子成像技术主要基于布拉格边效应和衍射机制,相比常规中子成像技术不但可以显著提高图像对比度,而且能分析应变、应力、织构。在超热中子范围内(>1eV),能量选择中子成像技术主要基于中子共振吸收,中子截面随能量变化是同位素特有的,存在明显的共振吸收峰,因此可以进行同位素的“指纹”识别。能量选择中子成像技术在工程、材料、化学、物理、生物、考古等众多科研领域中有着非常广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
68.
Madalina Nistor Roxana Pop Adela Daescu Adela Pintea Carmen Socaciu Dumitrita Rugina 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(13)
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments present in fruits and vegetables, which render them an extensive range of colors. They have a wide distribution in the human diet, are innocuous, and, based on numerous studies, have supposed preventive and therapeutical benefits against chronic affections such as inflammatory, neurological, cardiovascular, digestive disorders, diabetes, and cancer, mostly due to their antioxidant action. Despite their great potential as pharmaceutical applications, they have a rather limited use because of their rather low stability to environmental variations. Their absorption was noticed to occur best in the stomach and small intestine, but the pH fluctuation of the digestive system impacts their rapid degradation. Urine excretion and tissue distribution also occur at low rates. The aim of this review is to highlight the chemical characteristics of anthocyanins and emphasize their weaknesses regarding bioavailability. It also targets to deliver an update on the recent advances in the involvement of anthocyanins in different pathologies with a focus on in vivo, in vitro, animal, and human clinical trials. 相似文献
69.
在半导体制造工艺中,湿法清洗和刻蚀技术是其中重要的组成部分。文章着重介绍了半导体湿法清洗和刻蚀技术中化学品的化学配比和相关用途,并且重点讲述了化学品浓度控制的重要性及其常用的控制方式。 相似文献
70.
目前世界上能源消耗以化石燃料为主。化石燃料消耗所带来的能源供应危机以及环境污染,使人类社会的可持续发展承受着越来越重的压力,因此,新能源的推广应用已成为全球共识。太阳能有可能成为满足未来能源需求的战略性能源。其中化合物半导体光伏产品是未来地面太阳能应用的重要发展方向,而铜铟镓硒(CIGS)体系由于其本身的优点,是新一代化合物半导体光伏产品的重要发展方向。该体系在产业化技术方面已经取得很大的进展,并已逐步开始大规模产业化实践。 相似文献