Effects of ionic dissociation of membrane polymer on pervaporation performance

Pervaporation of a water/alcohol mixture through a membrane which has ion-exchange capacity has been investigated. Theoretical equations are introduced which relate the degree of ionic dissociation of the polymer to quantities of water and alcohol dissolved in the polymer. From these equations, an equation for selective dissolution R is derived which does not contain an explicit term for ionic dissociation. Dissociation affects selective dissolution only by changing the degree of swelling of the polymer. Reformulating R asymptotically obtains a reciprocal relationship between permselectivity and permeability for a water-selective membrane. Experiments to check the validity of the relationship have been carried out using chitosan membranes neutralized by several acids. The effect of degree of neutralization also has been investigated. Results can be well understood on the supposition that ionic dissociation depends upon the water/alcohol composition, the kind of acid, and the degree of neutralization. Experimental results indicate that the reciprocal relationship is maintained over an appropriate range of feed compositions which confirm the validity of the theoretical equations for the swelling equilibrium of an ionic membrane. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

一种基于PLL的CBR业务时钟恢复方案

信元在 ATM 网内传输时,由于网内缓存的存在,造成了信元延时变化。信元延时变化对基于锁相环(PLL)的恒定比特率业务时钟的恢复有很大影响,即时钟的抖动和漂移比较明显。从而使这种基于 PLL 的CBR 业务时钟恢复方案在某些场合不能应用。本文提出了一种基于 PLL 的时钟恢复新方案,该方案可以明显地降低由于信元延时变化而造成的 CBR 业务时钟的抖动和漂移,同时不增加缓存的容量。     

用排序网实现ATM信元淘汰

本文探讨了修改排序网实现信元淘汰的方法（简称Ｂ网）。比较了Ｂ网和［１］中淘汰网（简称Ｋ网）的复杂性和时延。给出了集线比λ＝Ｌ／Ｎ的临界值λ０（Ｎ），并证明当λ＞λ０（Ｎ）时Ｂ网有较小复杂性和较小时延。     

新型微流通池pH－ISFET集成传感器

设计与制备了带Ｔｉ／Ａｕ膜参考电极的长臂式ｐＨ－ＩＳＦＥＴ集成传感器与微流通池。在静态和流动分析系统测量中表明：由蠕动泵驱动的待测液流动极畅，且试样量极少，响应速度快。     

Co gas detection by ThO2-Doped SnO2

The selective detection of CO gas by stannic oxide incorporated with ThO2(l − 10 wt%), in the presence of H2 and petroleum gases such as C₃H₈ and iso-C₄H₂ has been studied. Materials mixed with 5 wt% ThO₂ showed high selectivity to CO gas at a sample temperature of 200−250‡C. The effects of hydrophobic or hydrophilic silica present in the samples on the detection sensitivity to CO gas have been investigated. From the results it is apparent that the removal of the hy-droxyl radical from the surface of SnO₂ enhances the sensitivity to CO gas.     

基于Fabry-Perot结构的可调波长选择光开关

本文提出波长选择光开关的概念,首次研制出一个基于Fabry-Perot结构的可调波长选择光开关,该开关为2×2光纤端口,每个端口携带N个波长,工作时可以选1个或多个波长,插入损耗小于3dB,波长调谐范围10nm,调谐机构为一对多层三明治结构的压电陶瓷,具有驱动电压低,小于5V的驱动电压可以达到3.3nm的调谐,最大开关时间为1毫秒,开关比优于30dB.最后还分析了其基本透射与反射光谱性能,并讨论其对光通信、光交换网络产生的重要应用价值.     

Statistics of strange attractors by generalized cell mapping

It is proposed in this paper to use the generalized cell mapping to locate strange attractors of dynamical systems and to determine their statistical properties. The cell-to-cell mapping method is based upon the idea of replacing the state space continuum by a large collection of state space cells and of expressing the evolution of the dynamical system in terms of a cell-to-cell mapping. This leads to a Markov chain which in turn allows us to compute all the statistical properties as well as the invariant distribution. After a general discussion, the method is applied in this paper to strange attractors of a variety of systems governed either by point mappings or by differential equations. The results indicate that it is a viable, effective and attractive method. Some comments on this method in comparison with the method of direct iteration will also be made.     

Membrane Organization and Dynamics of the G-Protein-Coupled Serotonin<Subscript>1A</Subscript> Receptor Monitored Using Fluorescence-Based Approaches

The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily represents one of the largest classes of molecules involved in signal transduction across the plasma membrane. Fluorescence-based approaches have provided valuable insights into GPCR functions such as receptor–receptor and receptor–ligand interactions, real-time assessment of signal transduction, receptor dynamics on the plasma membrane, and intracellular trafficking of receptors. This has largely been possible with the use of fluorescent probes such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequoria victoria and its variants. We discuss the potential of fluorescence-based approaches in providing novel information on the membrane organization and dynamics of the G-protein-coupled serotonin_1A receptor tagged to the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP). These authors contributed equally to the work.     

Correspondence between spin-dynamic phases and pulse program phases of NMR spectrometers

Spin state selective experiments have become very useful tools in solution NMR spectroscopy, particularly in the context of TROSY line narrowing. However, the practical implementation of such pulse sequences is frequently complicated by unexpected instrument behavior. Furthermore, a literal theoretical analysis of sequences published with specific phase settings can fail to rationalize such experiments and can seemingly contradict experimental findings. In this communication, we develop a practical approach to this ostensible paradox. Spin-dynamic design, rationalization, and simulation of NMR pulse sequences, as well as their confident and reliable implementation across current spectrometer hardware platforms, require precise understanding of the underlying nutation axis conventions. While currently often approached empirically, we demonstrate with a simple but general pulse program how to uncover these correspondences a priori in the general case. From this, we deduce a correspondence table between the spin-dynamic phases used in NMR theory and simulation on the one hand and pulse program phases of current commercial spectrometers on the other. As a practical application of these results, we analyze implementations of the original (1)H-(15)N TROSY experiment and illustrate how steady-state magnetization can be predictably, rather than empirically, added to a desired component. We show why and under which circumstances a literal adoption of phases from published sequences can lead to incorrect results. We suggest that pulse sequences should be consistently given with spin-dynamically correct (physical) phases, rather than in spectrometer-specific (software) syntax.