小分子在真空紫外波段从量子态到量子态的光解离动力学

本文主要描述小分子在真空紫外波段(VUV,6-20 eV)光解离动力学的最新实验和理论研究进展.得益于基于商业化激光器的真空紫外光源技术,以及离子速度成像、高分辨氢原子-里德堡态标记-飞行时间测量和VUV-VUV泵浦-探测等方法的发展,研究人员现在可以对很多小分子在真空紫外波段的光解离动力学进行量子态到量子态层面的测量和研究,本文重点综述H_2(D_2,HD),CO,N_2,NO,O_2,H_2O(D_2O,HOD),CO_2,N_2O以及一些多原子分子在真空紫外波段光解离动力学的最新研究进展.这些小分子在真空紫外波段的光解离在天体化学以及大气化学中有着非常重要的应用.分子吸收一个VUV光子以后,通常会被直接激发到比较高的电子激发态,解离过程会涉及到多个电子态势能面之间的复杂非绝热相互作用.在实验上对解离截面等参数进行从量子态到量子态层面的精细测量对于深入了解这些复杂的势能面之间的相互作用有非常重要的意义.最近建成的大连相干光源是目前世界上唯一一台在真空紫外波段工作的自由电子激光,具有脉冲能量高、扫描范围宽(50～150 nm)等优越的性能,它的建成必将会大大促进小分子真空紫外光解离研究的发展.     

基于高光谱成像技术的油菜叶片SPAD值检测

以油菜叶片为研究对象,利用高光谱成像技术,成功建立了叶绿素相对值SPAD值的预测模型。共采集了160个油菜叶片样本在380～1030 nm范围内的高光谱图像。选择500～900 nm之间的平均光谱作为油菜叶片样本的光谱。利用蒙特卡罗最小二乘法(monte carlo partial least squares, MC-PLS)剔除了13个异常样本,基于剩余的147个样本光谱数据与SPAD测量值进行分析,采用了不同的方法建立了多种预测模型,包括：全光谱的偏最小二乘法(partial least squares, PLS)模型,连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm, SPA)选择特征波长的PLS预测模型,“红边”位置(λ_red)的简单经验估测模型,三种植被指数R₇₁₀/R₇₆₀,(R₇₅₀-R₇₀₅)/(R₇₅₀-R₇₀₅)和R₈₆₀/(R₅₅₀*R₇₀₈)分别建立的简单经验估测模型,以及基于这三种植被指数的PLS预测模型。建模结果显示,全光谱的PLS模型预测效果最为精确,其预测相关系数r_p为0.833 9,预测均方根误差RMSEP为1.52。而使用SPA算法选出的8个特征波长所建立的PLS模型其预测结果可达到与全光谱的PLS模型非常接近的水平,而且在保证一定精度的条件下减少了大量运算,节省了运算时间,大幅提高了建模的速度。而基于红边位置和选择的三种植被指数而建立的简单经验估计模型其预测结果虽与基于全光谱的PLS预测模型有一定差距,但模型简单、运算量小,适合用于对精度要求不高的场合,对后续的便携仪器设备开发有一定的指导作用。     

Study of a millimeter-wave squint indirect holographic algorithm suitable for imaging with large field-of-view

In this paper a millimeter-wave （MMW） squint indirect holographic method is presented, which is suitable for imaging with a large field-of-view. The proposed system employs the squint operation mode to remove the background and twin- image interferences, which achieves a similar effect to off-axis holography but leaves out the large-aperture quasi-optical component. The translational scanning manner enables a large field of view and ensures the image uniformity, which is difficult to realize in off-axis holography. In addition, a corresponding imaging algorithm for the presented scheme is developed to reconstruct the image from the recorded hologram. Some imaging results on typical objects, obtained with electromagnetic simulation, demonstrate good performance of the imaging scheme and validate the effectiveness of the image reconstruction algorithm.     

激光干扰下红外成像系统性能预测研究

激光干扰是抑制红外成像系统现场性能的有效手段,为实现对激光干扰下红外成像系统性能预测,文中以激光干扰红外成像探测器的作用机理为基础,通过对红外成像系统吸收的激光能量与对比度增强之间的关系进行分析,得到干扰激光的能量与对比度增强之间的关系,进而修正红外成像系统的对比度阈值函数;并结合NVThermIP性能模型实现激光干扰对系统性能的预测,给出了仿真结果,为红外成像系统的性能预测评估和理论模型的继续完善提供依据。     

Analysis of the stress and interfacial reactions in Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si for use with ferroelectric thin films

The microstructure of the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si structure has been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pt films of 100 nm thickness deposited by sputtering or evaporation onto unheated substrates gave complete coverage of the underlying Ti layer and showed a granular and faceted structure with grains ∼20 nm in diameter. They did not exhibit hillocks or surface TiO_x formation. X-ray diffraction was used to examine the film stress through use of the sin²ψ method with bulk values for the elastic constants (v=0.39, E=162 GPa). The as-deposited sputtered film had a compressive stress of ∼540 MPa, while the evaporated films had tensile stresses of ∼630 MPa. The films then received a 400°C rapid thermal anneal (RTA) for 90 s and a subsequent RTA of 650°C for 30s. Further investigation of the film stresses and microstructure were made after each annealing step. After the low temperature anneal, the film stress for the sputtered film became tensile. Plan-view sections examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the as-deposited sputtered films were dense but became porous after annealing. Initially, the evaporated films had a less dense microstructure, but were more stable with annealing. Little change in the stress for the evaporated film was observed after this initial low temperature annealing step. Additional annealing of the evaporated and sputtered samples caused complete consumption of the Ti layer including some TiO_x formation from the underlying SiO₂ layer and marked interaction with the Pt; however, little change in the stress was found. The surface of the Pt film revealed larger grains, but otherwise remained unaffected. The underlying phase changes were minimized once the Ti layer had reacted with the Pt. Due to the ratio of the layers, Pt:Ti of 2:1, the surface of the Pt was unaffected.     

W波段三维近场安检成像系统

本文介绍了一套基于频率步进体制的W波段三维近场安检成像系统以及相应的成像算法。W波段信号可以穿透普通衣物,对人员携带的藏匿物品进行成像。成像算法通过在频率波数域进行插值处理可以完全补偿近场的波前曲面。文中阐述了频率波数域的插值过程以及实验数据的预处理过程。成像系统通过发射宽带信号得到高分辨距离像,通过提高工作频率得到高分辨方位像,方位向分辨率优于5mm。成像实验结果表明该系统性能优于现有的Ka波段成像系统。     

光电成像系统激光有源干扰技术及其计算机仿真

从电子对抗的角度探讨了激光杂光对成像系统成像效果的影响,并利用计算机对其干扰效果进行了仿真。实验及仿真结果表明,激光杂光可以实现视场外对光电成像系统的有效干扰,并使成像系统的输出呈现成面积的干扰效果。     

连续太赫兹反射式共焦扫描显微成像特性分析

太赫兹反射式共焦扫描显微成像系统分辨率较高且可呈现物体三维像,因此具有很大的应用价值。针对一种连续太赫兹反射式共焦扫描显微成像实验光路,在所确定的系统参数条件下,计算分析了两种太赫兹波长(118.83μm和184.31μm)的系统轴向响应特性。仿真结果表明,所设计的波长118.83μm的成像实验装置横向分辨率可达0.23 mm,轴向分辨率约为4.27 mm;波长184.31μm的系统横向分辨率可达0.36 mm,轴向分辨率约为6.63 mm。探测器轴向偏移影响大于横向偏移影响。     

航空相机成像技术研究

无论是军事领域战术和战略侦查,或者是民用领域测绘、精细农业、海岸资源勘察和地图导航等应用,随处可见航空相机的身影。本文先介绍了几款20世纪典型的航空胶片相机以及它们的工作方式,然后将航空数字相机按工作方式分成了扫描型航空相机、步进凝视型相机和多镜头数字相机3类,简要介绍了其工作方式的原理及特点,并分别列举了相应的航空数字相机。最后对航空相机发展趋势进行了总结与展望。     

酉ESPRIT超分辨ISAR成像方法

针对ESPRIT超分辨成像方法没有利用复数共轭数据且难以确定散射点数目的不足,提出了采用酉ESPRIT实现ISAR超分辨成像的新方法.该方法利用改进的盖式圆盘方法确定散射中心的数目,克服了ESPRIT方法中无法确定散射中心数目的缺点.通过合成复观测数据及其共轭,提高了ESPRIT超分辨成像的分辨率.构造了中心复共轭对称矩阵,有效降低了计算量.利用仿真数据和实测数据对该方法进行了验证,结果表明该方法不但具有更优的抗噪性能和分辨率,也具有更高的运算效率.