噪声调频复合单频连续波雷达空间高速目标的探测

噪声调频连续波雷达由于发射信号无周期,具有理想的图钉型模糊函数,没有周期性距离模糊和速度模糊,从原理上非常适合在轨探测远距离的超高速空间目标。该文采用插值法建立了噪声调频连续波高速目标回波模型,提出噪声调频复合单频连续波雷达采用校正距离走动的“匹配参考信号”进行相参处理的方法,实现跨距离门积累从而提高距离主旁瓣比;针对多个目标的检测采用FFT-IFFT逐个“Clean”的办法,进一步提高检测目标动态范围。仿真结果表明所提出的方法是有效可行的。     

Performance of joint multilevel/AES‐LDPCC‐CPFSK schemes over wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, data encryption and channel coding are considered together for ensuring secure and robust communication. In order to achieve this purpose, we introduce a new joint scheme, namely ‘Multilevel/Advanced Encryption Standard‐Low Density Parity Check Coded‐Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying (ML/AES‐LDPCC‐CPFSK)’. AES algorithm is the most powerful and widely used symmetric key cryptography in providing secure data transmission. LDPC codes have very large Euclidean distance and use iterative decoding algorithms. In this study, we have increased error performance employing multilevel structure to AES and LDPC. In all communications systems, phase discontinuities of modulated signals result in extra bandwidth requirements. CPFSK, which is a special type of continuous phase modulation, is a powerful solution for this problem. In this paper, we simulate error performance of ML/AES‐LDPCC‐CPFSK for regular LDPC codes. Simulation results are drawn for 4CPFSK, 8CPFSK and 16CPFSK over wireless cooperative sensor networks. Using this scheme, we are able to improve bit error performance, channel throughput, security level of communication and reduction in complexity compared with related schemes such as various turbo code structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于FPGA的跳频通信频率合成器实现

探讨了一种基于FPGA的跳频通信频率合成器的实现方案,重点介绍其原理和电路设计,并给出了FPGA的仿真结果。结果表明该设计行之有效,实现了高度集成化。     

变频软启动在44MW同步电动机上的应用

本文主要介绍变频软启动技术在邯钢公司44MW高炉鼓风机同步电动机上的应用。     

Foldable Printed Circuit Boards on Paper Substrates

This paper describes several low‐cost methods for fabricating flexible electronic circuits on paper. The circuits comprise i) metallic wires (e.g., tin or zinc) that are deposited on the substrate by evaporation, sputtering, or airbrushing, and ii) discrete surface‐mountable electronic components that are fastened with conductive adhesive directly to the wires. These electronic circuits—like conventional printed circuit boards—can be produced with electronic components that connect on both sides of the substrate. Unlike printed circuit boards made from fiberglass, ceramics, or polyimides, however, paper can be folded and creased (repeatedly), shaped to form three‐dimensional structures, trimmed using scissors, used to wick fluids (e.g., for microfluidic applications) and disposed of by incineration. Paper‐based electronic circuits are thin and lightweight; they should be useful for applications in consumer electronics and packaging, for disposable systems for uses in the military and homeland security, for applications in medical sensing or low‐cost portable diagnostics, for paper‐based microelectromechanical systems, and for applications involving textiles.     

Accurate free energy calculation along optimized paths

The path‐based methods of free energy calculation, such as thermodynamic integration and free energy perturbation, are simple in theory, but difficult in practice because in most cases smooth paths do not exist, especially for large molecules. In this article, we present a novel method to build the transition path of a peptide. We use harmonic potentials to restrain its nonhydrogen atom dihedrals in the initial state and set the equilibrium angles of the potentials as those in the final state. Through a series of steps of geometrical optimization, we can construct a smooth and short path from the initial state to the final state. This path can be used to calculate free energy difference. To validate this method, we apply it to a small 10‐ALA peptide and find that the calculated free energy changes in helix‐helix and helix‐hairpin transitions are both self‐convergent and cross‐convergent. We also calculate the free energy differences between different stable states of β‐hairpin trpzip2, and the results show that this method is more efficient than the conventional molecular dynamics method in accurate free energy calculation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010     

Basic ingredients of free energy calculations: A review

Methods to compute free energy differences between different states of a molecular system are reviewed with the aim of identifying their basic ingredients and their utility when applied in practice to biomolecular systems. A free energy calculation is comprised of three basic components: (i) a suitable model or Hamiltonian, (ii) a sampling protocol with which one can generate a representative ensemble of molecular configurations, and (iii) an estimator of the free energy difference itself. Alternative sampling protocols can be distinguished according to whether one or more states are to be sampled. In cases where only a single state is considered, six alternative techniques could be distinguished: (i) changing the dynamics, (ii) deforming the energy surface, (iii) extending the dimensionality, (iv) perturbing the forces, (v) reducing the number of degrees of freedom, and (vi) multi‐copy approaches. In cases where multiple states are to be sampled, the three primary techniques are staging, importance sampling, and adiabatic decoupling. Estimators of the free energy can be classified as global methods that either count the number of times a given state is sampled or use energy differences. Or, they can be classified as local methods that either make use of the force or are based on transition probabilities. Finally, this overview of the available techniques and how they can be best used in a practical context is aimed at helping the reader choose the most appropriate combination of approaches for the biomolecular system, Hamiltonian and free energy difference of interest. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010     

Analysis of amphetamine and methamphetamine as emerging pollutants in wastewater and wastewater-impacted streams

The identification and quantitation of the non-ecstasy amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) amphetamine and methamphetamine in lakes, rivers, wastewater treatment plant influents, effluents, and biosolids are reviewed. Neither monitoring nor reporting is required of these ATSs, which are considered emerging pollutants, but they have been identified in the environment. Amphetamine and methamphetamine enter our water supply by human excretion after legal or illegal consumption and via manufacturing in clandestine laboratories. Analytical methodology for sampling, sample preparation, separation, and detection of ATSs is discussed. Reported occurrences of ATSs in the environment and their use in municipal sewage epidemiology are noted. Future research needs that challenge applications of analytical techniques are discussed. The review focuses on research reported from 2004 to 2009.     

基于SOPC的SPWM脉冲发生器的实现

针对逆变控制领域的需求,采用自然采样法设计一个基于SOPC的SPWM脉冲发生器。在系统中,结合DDS数字频率合成技术产生正弦调制波。使用Verilog语言编程实现可逆计数器,利用可逆计数器形成一个完整的三角波。然后将同一时刻的正弦函数值与三角函数值相比较,形成一路脉冲调制波。最后为防止同相桥臂功率器件的同时导通,经过死区延时部分,形成最终的SPWM脉宽调制波。基于SOPC系统的SPWM脉冲发生器既简化电路设计,又提高系统的可靠性、精确性,并通过实验验证实该系统设计的有效性、稳定性。     

一种变频调速恒压供水系统设计方案

文中结合某供水系统工程案例,介绍了一套基于PLC的变频调速恒压自动控制供水系统的设计方案。系统由可编程控制器、变频器、水泵电机组、压力传感器等构成。系统采用工控机和PLC的控制方式,完成了系统数据采集和通信、水泵机组的变频控制、画面显示、系统监控管理等功能模块的设计,实现了变频调速恒压供水自动控制。