微加工电化学沉积锌牺牲层工艺

在微加工中通过电化学沉积Zn制备牺牲层从而制备悬空结构。电化学沉积Zn牺牲层工艺具有易获取牺牲层,去除快速,腐蚀选择性好,耐高温等优点。在电化学沉积Zn牺牲层工艺中易遇到与基底结合力不够、使用高温工艺时易产生气泡、打磨后残留杂质、去除牺牲层时残留难去物和悬空结构释放时易黏附等问题,通过在Ti/Cu电镀种子层上预镀Ni薄层获使用Ti/Au电镀种子层、慢速升温的预真空高温烘烤、电解稀碱液法和氧化清洗、使用丙酮和F117进行应力释放等方法改进工艺后可以克服这些问题。电化学沉积Zn牺牲层工艺是较为理想的制备悬空结构的工艺。     

离子束作用下的光学表面粗糙度演变研究

 为了获得超光滑光学表面,介绍了离子束作用下改善表面粗糙度的抛光方法,并通过相关的实验进行了验证。光学材料是典型的硬脆材料,在加工过程中的表面粗糙度要经历复杂的演变过程。离子束加工作为光学镜面加工中的最后一道工序,如果在修正面形的同时,能够有效地改善表面粗糙度,那么离子束加工的性能就可以得到更好的延伸。分析了离子束作用下的粗糙度演变机理,在此基础上提出了倾斜入射抛光和牺牲层抛光技术2种改善表面粗糙度的方法,并使用原子力显微镜进行了测量。实验结果表明：以45°倾斜入射抛光熔石英样件,其粗糙度由初始的0.67nm RMS减小到0.38nm RMS;涂上牺牲层的材料表面粗糙度由0.81nm RMS减小到0.28nm RMS,倾斜入射抛光和牺牲层抛光技术能够有效地改善表面粗糙度。     

甘油加入BHF溶液作为牺牲层腐蚀方法的研究

提出了一种改进后的缓冲氢氟酸溶液,成分配比为4份40%氟化铵溶液、1份40%氢氟酸和2份甘油. 通过在牺牲层腐蚀过程中对腐蚀液加热和搅拌提高了其对氧化硅和铝的选择比,测定了氧化硅和铝的腐蚀速率随腐蚀液温度变化的关系,确定了这种腐蚀液的最优工作条件,研究了加入甘油对腐蚀液腐蚀效果的影响,并在实际器件加工过程中测试了这种方法.     

Bubble结构牺牲层腐蚀的一种改进模型

以往的牺牲层腐蚀模型把扩散系数看作是常数,然而,实验结果和以往模型的计算结果在腐蚀开始一段较短的时间内吻合较好,但随着腐蚀时间的变长两者的差异越来越明显.为了解释这一现象并使模型能够较好地预测腐蚀过程,提出了腐蚀模型应该考虑氢氟酸扩散系数是浓度的函数,并在此基础上得到了改进模型.在改进模型中,浓度的下降会引起扩散系数的增大,这部分补偿了腐蚀前端浓度的下降.另外在改进模型中,扩散系数还是温度的函数.实验表明,改进模型与实验结果吻合地较好.这些结果不仅为对牺牲层腐蚀机理的理解提供新的证据,而且也为溶液在bubble结构里面的扩散提供新的证据.文中所观察到的这些现象也适合于其他类型的牺牲层腐蚀,条件是其腐蚀过程是受扩散限制的.     

Nanoparticle Assisted Mechanical Delamination for Freestanding High Performance Organic Devices

Organic electronics has the potential to be incorporated in any kind of surface morphology for wearable or fully portable applications. Unfortunately when organic devices, such as solar cells, are fabricated on flexible substrates, the device performance is severely limited unless the physical properties of such substrates are carefully chosen. Here, it is demonstrated that layers of nanoparticles with a size gradient distribution can be used to obtain high performance solar cell devices that can be effectively delaminated from an original flat and rigid glass substrate. Such sacrificial nanoparticles layers are incorporated in between the glass substrate and the semitransparent electrode of a polymer:fullerene (PTB7:PC₇₁BM) cell. After the cell delamination, freestanding flexible devices with power conversion efficiencies as high as 7.12% are obtained, which corresponds to 90% of the performance of the same cell fabricated on a standard glass smooth surface.     

验证“牺牲阳极法”的教学实验改进*

根据化学学科核心素养下对化学实验的要求,对人教版教材中“验证牺牲阳极法”实验提出一种改进实验方案。采用被隔成2个区域的废弃饭盒作反应容器,采用镁条作阳极金属,可以实现反应进行与结束的可控化、对照效果的可视化和操作的简便化。该套改进实验装置既适用于演示实验,也适用于学生分组实验对牺牲阳极法的应用效果进行探究,进而掌握科学探究的方法。     

Confocal depth‐resolved fluorescence micro‐X‐ray absorption spectroscopy for the study of cultural heritage materials: a new mobile endstation at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

A confocal fluorescence endstation for depth‐resolved micro‐X‐ray absorption spectroscopy is described. A polycapillary half‐lens defines the incident beam path and a second polycapillary half‐lens at 90° defines the probe sample volume. An automatic alignment program based on an evolutionary algorithm is employed to make the alignment procedure efficient. This depth‐resolved system was examined on a general X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) beamline at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Sacrificial red glaze (AD 1368–1644) china was studied to show the capability of the instrument. As a mobile endstation to be applied on multiple beamlines, the confocal system can improve the function and flexibility of general XAS beamlines, and extend their capabilities to a wider user community.     

NiS2纳米片的制备及其在非对称超级电容器中的应用

本文采用牺牲模板法,以Ni(OH)₂作为前驱体制备NiS₂. 通过对NiS₂进行XRD、EDS、BET、SEM及TEM等表征来研究NiS₂的元素组成及结构形貌. SEM及TEM结果显示前驱体及NiS₂均为纳米片结构. 电化学测试结果表明NiS₂存在着优秀的电容性能,在电流密度为1 A·g^-1时,NiS₂比电容能够达到1067.3 F·g^-1,同时具有高的倍率特性. 为了进一步探究NiS₂作为电活性材料的实用性,以NiS₂作为阳极材料,活性炭（AC）作为阴极组装成非对称超级电容器,在功率密度为0.8 kW·kg^-1,能量密度高达38.4 Wh·kg^-1,并且在3000次恒流充放电后,比电容依然保持93.7%.     

梯度多胞牺牲层的抗爆炸分析

运用一维非线性塑性冲击波模型和细观有限元模型对密度梯度多胞牺牲层的抗爆炸性能进行了分析。基于率无关的刚性-塑性硬化模型,建立了描述冲击波在多胞牺牲层中传播的控制方程,分别给出了正、负密度梯度多胞材料在指数型爆炸载荷作用下的响应特性。研究了可正好吸收爆炸能量的梯度多胞牺牲层的临界厚度与载荷强度、覆盖层质量、多胞材料的密度梯度等参数之间的关系,给出了以临界厚度和支撑端应力峰值为指标的密度梯度设计图。运用二维细观有限元模型验证了基于非线性塑性冲击波模型的抗爆炸分析的有效性。     

Synthesis of telechelic oligostyrenes by the ozonoloysis of poly(styrene-stat-butadiene): Protection of styrene units against ozone attack by the use of Di-N-alkyl amides as sacrificial ozone scavengers

Polystyrene and a poly(styrene-stat-butadiene) have been reacted with ozone in various solvents to establish the conditions necessary for the production, from the latter, of telechelic oligostyrenes having high and controllable end group functionalities. Polymeric ozonides produced by ozonolysis of poly(styrene-stat-butadiene)s, on workup with sodium borohydride or zinc/acetic acid, give dihydroxy- or dialdehyde-ended oligostyrenes, respectively. Workup with borane gives oligomers with a mixture of hydroxy and aldehyde end groups. Oxidative workup with selenium dioxide/hydrogen peroxide yields carboxylic acid-ended oligostyrenes. Workup with polymer-supported reducing or oxidizing agents was less successful. It is shown that side reactions associated with the synthesis of telechelic oligostyrenes by the ozonolysis route, i.e., attack at the α position and possibly also on the phenyl rings of the styrene units, can be minimized by the use of N-dialkyl amides, particularly dimethylacetamide, as sacrificial ozone scavengers. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.