近红外光谱法定性描述酵母菌的生长过程

提出了一种基于近红外光谱分析技术的酵母菌生长过程描述方法.利用Antaris Ⅱ型傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪获取酵母菌培养过程中,发酵物样本在10000~4000 1范围内的光谱数据,同时采用光电比浊法测定各样本的光密度(Optical density, OD)值;运用竞争性自适应重加权采样(Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, CARS)算法优选特征光谱,再利用极限学习机(Extreme learning machine, ELM)建立酵母菌生长过程4个阶段的分类模型.研究结果显示,参与CARS-ELM模型建立的波长个数为30,其10次运行在训练集和测试集中的平均识别率分别为98.68%和97.37%.研究结果表明,利用近红外光谱分析技术结合适当的化学计量学方法描述酵母菌生长过程是可行的.     

Precision limits and interval estimation in the calibration of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine and hexachlorbenzene in water,applying the regression triplet procedure on chromatographic data

A method for the determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine and hexachlorbenzene in water applying the regression triplet in the calibration procedure of chromatographic data has been applied. The detection limit and quantification limit are currently calculated on the basis of the standard deviation of replicate analyses at a single concentration. However, since the standard deviation depends on concentration, these single-concentration techniques result in limits that are directly dependent on spiking concentration. A more rigorous approach requires first careful attention to the three components of the regression triplet (data, model, method), examining (1) the data quality of the proposed model, (2) the model quality and (3) the least-squares method to be used for fulfilment of all least-squares assumptions. For high-performance liquid chromatography determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine and gas chromatography analysis of hexachlorbenzene in water, this paper describes the effects of deviations from five basic assumptions The paper considers the correction of deviations: identifying influential points, namely, outliers, the calibration task depends on the regression model used, and the least-squares method is based on the assumptions of the normality of the errors, homoscedasticity and the independence of errors. Results show that the approach developed provides improved estimates of analytical limits and that the single-concentration approaches currently in wide use are seriously flawed.     

敬告读者——《光谱学与光谱分析》已全文上网

从2008年第7期开始在《光谱学与光谱分析》网站(www.gpxygpfx.com)“在线期刊”栏内发布《光谱学与光谱分析》期刊全文,读者可方便地免费下载摘要和PDF全文,欢迎浏览、检索本刊当期的全部内容;并陆续刊出自2004年以后出版的各期摘要和PDF全文内容。2009年起《光谱学与光谱分析》每期出版日期改为每月1日。     

基于RIMMKF的一种传感器管理算法

以重加权交互式多模型卡尔曼滤波(RIMMKF)为基础,提出了一种传感器管理算法.首先利用RIMM对联合多目标概率的量测更新和马尔可夫转移更新求取分辨力也即信息增量,然后利用信息增量最大化来分配传感器资源.所采用的模型弥补了交互式多模型(IMM)的不足.仿真结果表明,在机动多模型环境下,与IMMKF分辨力方法相比,本文所提算法行之有效且能使传感器资源得到有效地分配.     

Rapid Determination of Cellulose and Hemicellulose Contents in Corn Stover Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Wavelength Selection

The contents of cellulose and hemicellulose (C and H) in corn stover (CS) have an important influence on its biochemical transformation and utilization. To rapidly detect the C and H contents in CS by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the characteristic wavelength selection algorithms of backward partial least squares (BIPLS), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), BIPLS combined with CARS, BIPLS combined with a genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GSA), and CARS combined with a GSA were used to select the wavelength variables (WVs) for C and H, and the corresponding regression correction models were established. The results showed that five wavelength selection algorithms could effectively eliminate irrelevant redundant WVs, and their modeling performance was significantly superior to that of the full spectrum. Through comparison and analysis, it was found that CARS combined with GSA had the best comprehensive performance; the predictive root mean squared errors of the C and H regression model were 0.786% and 0.893%, and the residual predictive deviations were 3.815 and 12.435, respectively. The wavelength selection algorithm could effectively improve the accuracy of the quantitative analysis of C and H contents in CS by NIRS, providing theoretical support for the research and development of related online detection equipment.     

利用高分五号AHSI 载荷的高分辨率XCH4 异常探测方法研究

煤矿开采是最重要的甲烷排放源, 然而其排放清单的准确性很低, 一个关键的原因在于缺乏精准识别和定位 该类排放源的能力。近年来, 前沿研究表明可以利用卫星高光谱数据反演高分辨率的甲烷异常, 从而帮助识别排放 源。但是, 在地表类型复杂地区该算法会完全失效。针对这一问题, 率先提出一种基于L1 重加权和迭代收缩阈值算 法(ISTA) 匹配滤波器的算法。利用高分五号(GF-5) 数据在山西地区的实验表明, 该方法性能显著优于现有的其他方 法。实验中, 本方法识别出23 个甲烷强点源, 这些点源全部位于TROPOMI 的甲烷高值区内, 且高分辨遥感影像显示 这些点源处存在典型的煤矿开采设施。该方法的提出为利用GF-5 卫星数据在世界范围实现甲烷点源排查奠定了技 术基础。     

An MM Algorithm for Multicategory Vertex Discriminant Analysis

This article introduces a new method of supervised learning based on linear discrimination among the vertices of a regular simplex in Euclidean space. Each vertex represents a different category. Discrimination is phrased as a regression problem involving ?-insensitive residuals and a quadratic penalty on the coefficients of the linear predictors. The objective function can by minimized by a primal MM (majorization–minimization) algorithm that (a) relies on quadratic majorization and iteratively re-weighted least squares, (b) is simpler to program than algorithms that pass to the dual of the original optimization problem, and (c) can be accelerated by step doubling. Limited comparisons on real and simulated data suggest that the MM algorithm is competitive in statistical accuracy and computational speed with the best currently available algorithms for discriminant analysis.     

Robust partial least squares regression: Part I,algorithmic developments

The work summarized in this paper presents the first part of a three‐paper series on robust partial least squares (RPLS) regression. Motivated by recent research activities in this area, this part provides a detailed algorithmic analysis of associated techniques, showing that existing work (i) may not represent a true robust formulation of partial least squares (PLS), (ii) may lead to convergence problems or (iii) may be insensitive to a certain type of outlier. On the basis of this analysis, Part I introduces a new conceptual RPLS algorithm that overcomes the deficiencies of existing work. The second part of this work details this new RPLS technique, compares its peformance with existing RPLS methods and provides an analysis on the computational efficiency and sensitivity of these algorithms. Whilst the first two parts of this work discuss algorithmic developments of RPLS, the final part concentrates on practical issues of RPLS implementations. This third part is devoted to practitioners of chemistry and chemical engineering covering a wide range of applications involving a calibration experiment, the analysis of recorded data from an industrial debutanizer process and data from a number of Raman spectroscopy experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于内标法和CARS变量优选的倍硫磷含量LIBS检测

利用共线双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）技术对溶液中的倍硫磷含量进行定量检测研究。采用石墨对倍硫磷溶液进行富集,利用双通道高精度光谱仪获取样品的LIBS光谱。以碳元素谱线（CⅠ247.856 nm）为内标对210~260 nm波段谱线进行校正,然后利用竞争性自适应重加权算法（CARS）筛选与倍硫磷相关的重要波长变量,最后应用最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）建立倍硫磷含量的定标模型,并与基本定标法及内标法建立的单变量定标模型进行比较。研究结果表明,共线双脉冲LIBS技术可以用于溶液中的倍硫磷含量检测。基本定标法建立的最优定标模型的拟合度R²为0.935 04,预测集样品的平均预测相对误差（PRE）为41.50%;内标法建立的最优单变量定标模型的拟合度R²为0.993 61,预测集样品的平均PRE为14.91%;内标-CARS-LSSVM定标模型的拟合度R²为0.998 6,预测集样品的平均PRE为8.06%。对比上述3类定标模型,内标-CARS-LSSVM定标模型性能最优,内标法建立的定标模型次之,而基本定标法建立的定标模型最差。由此可知,CARS方法可以有效筛选倍硫磷相关的重要变量,内标法结合CARS及LSSVM方法可以改善定标模型性能,提高预测精度。     

基于光谱技术的Bipls算法结合CARS算法的苹果可溶性固形物含量检测

可溶性固形物含量是判断苹果内部品质的重要参考属性之一。利用高光谱技术获取苹果感兴趣区域的反射光谱,以S-G平滑(Savitzky-Golay smoothing)和直接正交信号校正(Direct orthogonal signal correction, DOSC)算法对光谱数据进行梯度预处理后,用后向区间偏最小二乘法(Bipls)优选出3,5,6,7,8,9,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,23等16个子区间,共计177个波长。结合竞争自适应重加权采样算法(CARS)再作进一步筛选,提取出449.6,512.9,544.8,547.2,594.3,596.8,928.2 nm等7个特征波长,利用偏最小二乘算法(PLS)建立基于特征波长的可溶性固形物含量检测模型,所得模型评价为R_c=0.906 2,RMSEC为0.482 2,R_p=0.871 6,RMSEP为0.614 0。该算法模型预测性能同Bipls和Bipls-SPA模型相比更为优异,证明了Bipls结合CARS算法在提高苹果可溶性固体物含量检测精度方面的有效性。