发动机缸体铸铁件消应热处理工艺的评价

发动机缸体铸铁件生产过程中产生的铸造残余应力需要采取合适的热处理工艺消除,缸体热处理前后的残余应力变化情况可用于评价热处理工艺的有效性.文中首次采用压痕应变法与深孔法相结合,分别测量发动机缸体表面与内部残余应力分布规律,综合评价了发动机缸体铸铁件热处理前后的残余应力水平.两种不同型号缸体热处理前后残余应力测量结果表明,目前的热处理工艺并不能有效降低残余应力峰值,该热处理工艺需要进一步优化调整或考虑取消现有的热处理工艺方案.     

Stochastic Properties of Fractional Generalized Cumulative Residual Entropy and Its Extensions

The fractional generalized cumulative residual entropy (FGCRE) has been introduced recently as a novel uncertainty measure which can be compared with the fractional Shannon entropy. Various properties of the FGCRE have been studied in the literature. In this paper, further results for this measure are obtained. The results include new representations of the FGCRE and a derivation of some bounds for it. We conduct a number of stochastic comparisons using this measure and detect the connections it has with some well-known stochastic orders and other reliability measures. We also show that the FGCRE is the Bayesian risk of a mean residual lifetime (MRL) under a suitable prior distribution function. A normalized version of the FGCRE is considered and its properties and connections with the Lorenz curve ordering are studied. The dynamic version of the measure is considered in the context of the residual lifetime and appropriate aging paths.     

基于激光冲击波三维无损打标的数值模拟

为了研究激光冲击波打标后标记区域的残余应力分布与材料变形情况,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了激光冲击波打标的三维有限元模型,通过激光诱导的冲击波加载,进行了打标的数值模拟.模拟结果表明,激光冲击波作用后的标记区域网格形成了与载荷直径相仿的凹坑,其残余应力均表现为压应力,并随着形变量的逐渐增加,在标记中心残余压应力达到最大值;材料厚度方向的残余压应力随着材料厚度的增加而不断减小,在1mm～1.4mm深度范围内载荷的作用效果不明显.这一结果可用于指导激光冲击波三维无损打标残余应力场的理论分析及其实验研究.     

探讨铁塔基础工程建设中开挖余土的处置措施

本文主要分析铁塔基础施工过程中余土的产生、处置现状、余土处置不当造成的影响，综合考虑塔位处地形实际情况，总结了余土处置的几种措施。为了尽量减小弃土产生的各种不利影响，建议在工程设计阶段，应做好基础选型优化，从源头上减少弃土土方量；在终勘定位过程中，相关专业应加强协同配合，合理确定弃土的处置措施；在施工阶段，当需修筑堡坎时，应严格按施工要求进行施工。     

Direct prediction of residual dipolar couplings of small molecules in a stretched gel by stochastic molecular dynamics simulations

Residual dipolar couplings are highly useful NMR parameters for calculating and refining molecular structures, dynamics, and interactions. For some applications, however, it is inevitable that the preferred orientation of a molecule in an alignment medium is calculated a priori. Several methods have been developed to predict molecular orientations and residual dipolar couplings. Being beneficial for macromolecules and selected small‐molecule applications, such approaches lack sufficient accuracy for a large number of organic compounds for which the fine structure and eventually the flexibility of all involved molecules have to be considered or are limited to specific, well‐studied liquid crystals. We introduce a simplified model for detailed all‐atom molecular dynamics calculations with a polymer strand lined up along the principal axis as a new approach to simulate the preferred orientation of small to medium‐sized solutes in polymer‐based, gel‐type alignment media. As is shown by a first example of strychnine in a polystyrene/CDCl₃ gel, the simulations potentially enable the accurate prediction of residual dipolar couplings taking into account structural details and dynamic averaging effects of both the polymer and the solute. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of a routine analysis of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one in wine by stable isotope dilution assay and mass tandem spectrometry

The 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4MMP) is a key aroma compound in wines, especially in Sauvignon Blanc ones. Its accurate quantification is quite difficult due to its traces levels and its reactivity in wine conferred by the thiol function. In this paper, we proposed a new method for its quantification in wine without any sample preparation, based on automated derivatization procedure by methoximation and SIDA–SPME–GC–MS/MS analysis. The derivatization procedure was adapted from a previously published method in order to decrease the amount of reagents and the volume of wine (only 3 mL are required). The use of SPME and the detection conditions have also been optimized to reach the best sensitivity as possible. The method was then validated according to the International Organization of Vine and Wine recommendations and exhibited excellent performances. Indeed, this method allowed us to quantify the 4MMP in wine at traces levels (LOD = 0.19 ng L⁻¹) with reproducible results (RSD < 15%) and a very good accuracy (recovery = 102%).     

Synthesis and application of boronic acid‐functionalized magnetic adsorbent for sensitive analysis of salbutamol residues in pig tissues

Salbutamol (SAL) is the most widely used β₂‐agonist drug for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary patients, but it is also often abused as feed additive. In recent years, the abuse of SAL has led to a large number of food safety incidents. Therefore, the monitoring of SAL residues in animal products is very important. A highly selective boronate affinity magnetic adsorbent was synthesized and developed for detection of trace levels of SAL residues in pig tissue samples. The obtained Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@FPBA(4‐formylphenylboronic acid) magnetic adsorbent showed good adsorption ability to catechol and SAL, and then it was successfully applied as special magnetic solid‐phase phase extraction adsorbent coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for simultaneous isolation and determination of cis‐diol compounds. The binding capacity of catechol and SAL reached 96 and 50 µmol/g, respectively. The method was successfully established for the detection of trace levels of SAL in pig tissue samples. The linear range extended from 0.32 to 800 µg/kg (R² = 0.9994). The limit of detection of SAL was 0.19 µg/kg. The recoveries were satisfactory (89.5–108.0%) at three spiked levels with RSD between 2.1 and 11.3%. These results indicated that the method has potential for enrichment and detection of trace levels of SAL residual in animal food products. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solution to torsion relations in finsler-spacetime tangent bundle

In the Finsler-spacetime tangent bundle, a simple solution is determined to the torsion relations that were obtained previously to maintain (1) compatibility with Cartan's theory of Finsler space, (2) the almost complex structure, and (3) the vanishing of the covariant derivative of the almost complex structure.     

MOEMS光开关响应时间的分析计算

本文结合静电驱动扭臂式MOEMS光开关,给出了响应时间的计算方法,得出开关时间的计算公式.分析了器件几何参数对开关时间的影响,给出了开关时间随参数的变化趋势.通过优化结构给出一组几何参数,保证了驱动电压在10V左右,开关时间可以达到1至2ms.