A least‐square weighted residual method for level set formulation

In this paper, a least‐square weighted residual method (LSWRM) for level set (LS) formulation is introduced to achieve interface capturing in two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) problems. An LSWRM was adopted for two semi‐discretized advection and reinitialization equations of the LS formulation. The present LSWRM provided good mathematical properties such as natural numerical diffusion and the symmetry of the resulting algebraic systems for the advection and reinitialization equations. The proposed method was validated by solving some 2D and 3D benchmark problems such as those involving a rotating slotted disk, the rotation of a slotted sphere, and a time‐reversed single‐vortex flow and a deformation problem of a spherical fluid. The numerical results were compared with those obtained from essentially non‐oscillatory type formulations and particle LS methods. Further, the proposed LSWRM for the LS formulation was coupled with a splitting finite element method code to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, and then, the collapse of a 3D broken dam flow was well simulated; in the simulation, the entrapping of air and the splashing of the surge front of water were reproduced. The mass conservation of the present method was found to be satisfactory during the entire simulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于回归分析和遗传算法的BGA焊点功率载荷热应力分析与优化

建立了球栅阵列BGA（Ball Grid Array）焊点有限元分析模型,选取焊点高度、焊点最大径向尺寸、上焊盘直径和下焊盘直径作为设计变量,以焊点应力作为目标值,采用响应曲面法设计了29组不同水平组合的焊点模型并建模进行仿真计算,建立了焊点应力与结构参数的回归方程,基于回归方程结合遗传算法对焊点结构参数进行了优化,获得了焊点应力最小的结构参数最优水平组合.结果表明：对于无铅焊料SAC387,焊点应力随焊点的高度增加而减小,随最大径向尺寸的减小而减小;应力最小的焊点水平组合为：焊点高度0.38mm、最大径向尺寸0.42mm、上焊盘直径0.34mm和下焊盘直径0.35mm;对最优水平组合仿真验证表明优化后焊点最大应力下降了4.66MPa,实现了BGA焊点的结构优化.     

InSb红外探测器芯片粘接工艺研究

基于InSb红外探测器的封装特点,采用正交试验法研究了芯片粘接过程中基板平整度、粘接剂抽真空时间、配胶时间、固化条件等工艺参数对芯片性能及可靠性的影响。通过计算极差和方差分析了各因素对芯片可靠性的影响大小。结果表明,固化条件对粘接后芯片的性能影响最大,其次是配胶时间,而抽真空时间和基板平整度影响相对较小。针对极差分析得出的较优参数组合和较差参数组合,利用X射线衍射(XRD)研究了不同参数组合对晶片粘接的应力大小,所得结果与正交试验一致。     

Experiment on relationship between the magnetic gradient of low-carbon steel and its stress

In geomagnetic field, a series of tensile experiments on the low-carbon steel sticks were carried out. A special homemade detector was used to measure the magnetic gradient on the material surface. The results showed that the relationship between the magnetic gradient and the stress varied with different conditions of measurement. There was no obvious correlation between the magnetic gradient and the tensile stress if the sample remained on the material test machine. If the sample was taken off from the machine, the measured magnetic gradient was linear with the prior maximum stress. In Nanjing, PR China, a place of 32°N latitude, the slope of the linear relationship was about 67 (uT/m)/MPa. This offered a new method of non-destructive stress testing by measuring the magnetic gradient on the ferromagnetic component surface. The prior maximum applied stress of the sample could be tested by measuring the present surface magnetic gradient. Actually this phenomenon was the metal magnetic memory (MMM). The magnetic gradient near the stress concentration zone of the sample, the necking point, was much larger than other area. Thus, the hidden damage in the ferromagnetic component could be detected early by measuring the magnetic gradient distribution on its surface. In addition, the magnetic memory signal gradually weakened as the sample was taken off and laid aside. Therefore, it was effective for a given period of time to detect the stress or stress concentration based on the MMM testing.     

基于宽频调谐特征和谱残差分析的显著性目标检测

根据人眼视觉系统的基本特点,提出一种基于宽频调谐特征和谱残差分析的显著性目标检测算法。该方法通过在上下文信息中提取图像的宽频调谐特征,运用线性叠加融合宽频调谐特征子图得到初步特征图,然后利用多尺度方法构建多分辨率显著图谱子序列,最后利用谱残差分析融合位置特征对显著性子图进行操作运算得到最终的显著图。基于自然图像的显著性目标检测实验结果证明,该方法具有较好的实用性和较强的稳定性,能够获取较为精确的检测结果。     

脉冲镀金在半导体激光器中的应用及工艺优化

为提高半导体激光器芯片的焊接成功率以及器件的性能寿命,采用脉冲电镀技术在半导体激光器芯片 P 面沉积了厚金层,详细研究了镀金液 pH 值和电流通断比对镀金层组织形貌、表面粗糙度、内应力、沉积均匀性以及粘附力的影响规律。结果表明,表面粗糙度随 pH 值的升高或通断比的提高而增大。沉积均匀性随 pH 的增大先降低后升高,而随通断比的增大而变差。pH 较大（＞10．0）或较小（＜8．5）时,镀金层粘附性均不理想。而通断比对镀金层的粘附性影响不大。不同条件下,金膜内应力均为张应力,大小为29～88 MPa。     

Astaxanthin and its Effects in Inflammatory Responses and Inflammation-Associated Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Directions

Astaxanthin is a natural lipid-soluble and red-orange carotenoid. Due to its strong antioxidant property, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immune modulation, astaxanthin has gained growing interest as a multi-target pharmacological agent against various diseases. In the current review, the anti-inflammation mechanisms of astaxanthin involved in targeting for inflammatory biomarkers and multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, Nrf2, NF-κB, ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and JAK-2/STAT-3, have been described. Furthermore, the applications of anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin in neurological diseases, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, hepatic and renal diseases, eye and skin disorders, are highlighted. In addition to the protective effects of astaxanthin in various chronic and acute diseases, we also summarize recent advances for the inconsistent roles of astaxanthin in infectious diseases, and give our view that the exact function of astaxanthin in response to different pathogen infection and the potential protective effects of astaxanthin in viral infectious diseases should be important research directions in the future.     

A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE FLOW OVER ELLIPSOIDAL OBJECTS INSIDE A CYLINDRICAL TUBE

A numerical scheme is developed to obtain the flow field around one, two and five ellipsoidal objects inside a cylindrical tube. The scheme uses the Galerkin finite element technique and the primitive variable(u–v–p) formulation. The two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved numerically by using the direct mixed interpolation method. A Picard iteration scheme is used for the solution of the resulting system of non-linear algebraic equations. The computer code is verified by checking with known analytical solutions for the flow past a sphere. Results for the shear stress distributions along the ellipsoids, forces and drag coefficients are obtained for different geometric ratios and Reynolds numbers. Some of the intermediate computational results on the velocity fields developed are also reported.     

基于系统连续运行的功率管老炼筛选方法

提出了一种可以在试验台上进行无条件的筛选、或对已装机而又存在某种隐患的功率管进行老炼筛选的方法,并介绍了如何进行老炼筛选应力的确定和控制,以及试验的过程检测和故障处理。通过理论分析和试验证明,这种方法是切实可行的,能达到老炼筛选的预期目标。     

Molecular Insights into the Antistress Potentials of Brazilian Green Propolis Extract and Its Constituent Artepillin C

Propolis, also known as bee-glue, is a resinous substance produced by honeybees from materials collected from plants they visit. It contains mixtures of wax and bee enzymes and is used by bees as a building material in their hives and by humans for different purposes in traditional healthcare practices. Although the composition of propolis has been shown to depend on its geographic location, climatic zone, and local flora; two largely studied types of propolis: (i) New Zealand and (ii) Brazilian green propolis have been shown to possess Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) and Artepillin C (ARC) as the main bioactive constituents, respectively. We have earlier reported that CAPE and ARC possess anticancer activities, mediated by abrogation of mortalin-p53 complex and reactivation of p53 tumor suppressor function. Like CAPE, Artepillin C (ARC) and the supercritical extract of green propolis (GPSE) showed potent anticancer activity. In this study, we recruited low doses of GPSE and ARC (that did not affect either cancer cell proliferation or migration) to investigate their antistress potential using in vitro cell based assays. We report that both GPSE and ARC have the capability to disaggregate metal- and heat-induced aggregated proteins. Metal-induced aggregation of GFP was reduced by fourfold in GPSE- as well as ARC-treated cells. Similarly, whereas heat-induced misfolding of luciferase protein showed 80% loss of activity, the cells treated with either GPSE or ARC showed 60–80% recovery. Furthermore, we demonstrate their pro-hypoxia (marked by the upregulation of HIF-1α) and neuro-differentiation (marked by differentiation morphology and upregulation of expression of GFAP, β-tubulin III, and MAP2). Both GPSE and ARC also offered significant protection against oxidative stress and, hence, may be useful in the treatment of old age-related brain pathologies.