B改性钒钛催化剂低温NH3-SCR还原NOx

选择性催化还原(SCR)技术是降低柴油机NOx排放的常用技术,其核心部件为催化剂.目前最广泛使用的催化剂为V2O5/TiO2催化剂,但其存在一些缺点,如低温活性不佳、活性温度窗口较窄等.为了解决该催化剂存在的上述一系列问题,我们对V2O5/TiO2催化剂进行改性处理.采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了 B改性的V2O5/T...     

Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of chromotrope 2B with H2O2 and metal complexes supported on aluminum oxide hydroxide as catalyst

The heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of Chromotrope 2B (C2B) dye with H₂O₂ and the aluminum oxide hydroxide (AlOOH) modified with ammonia complexes of Cu^II, Co^II, Ni^II, and Cr^III (AlOOH/[Mⁿ⁺(amm)_m]) as catalysts were studied. The AlOOH/[Cu^II(amm)₄] is the most efficient catalyst and therefore it was chosen as the potential catalyst for the oxidative degradation of C2B in an aqueous solution. The AlOOH/[Cu^II(amm)₄] was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), techniques. The rate of reaction was dependent on the type of the metal complex supported on the AlOOH, initial concentration of the dye and H₂O₂, catalyst dose, pH, the concentration of NaCl, and temperature. The catalytic activity of the AlOOH/[Mⁿ⁺(amm)_m] according to the kind of metal ion decreased in the order: Cu^II > Co^II > Cr^III > Ni^II. Other catalysts consisting of the AlOOH supported with Cu^II complexed with ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, 1,3 propanediamine, and 1,4 butanediamine, (AlOOH/[Cu^II(amine)_m]), were also investigated. The activity of the (AlOOH/[Cu^II(amine)_m]) as catalyst according to the type of ligand followed the order: 1,4 butanediamine > 1,3 propanediamine > ethanolamine > ethylenediamine > ammonia. The reaction rate increased with increasing the catalyst dose, concentration of H₂O_2, C2B, and NaCl, pH, and temperature. Since the reusability results for the AlOOH/[Cu^II(amm)₄] revealed good stability over seven cycles, it can thus be considered a promising and cost-effective catalyst for the removal of harmful dyes from wastewater.     

Assembled Organoruthenium(II) for Formaldehyde Decomposition and Hydrogen Production

Formaldehyde decomposition is not only an attractive method for hydrogen production, but also a potential approach for gaseous formaldehyde removal. In this research, we prepare some assembled organoruthenium through coordination reaction between Ru(p-Cymene)Cl₂ and bridge-linking ligands. It is a creative approach for Ru(p-Cymene)Cl₂ conversion into heterogeneous particles. The rigidity of bridge-linking ligand enables assembled organoruthenium to have highly ordered crystalline structure, even show clear crystal lattice with spacing of 0.19 nm. XPS shows the N−Ru bond are formed between bridge-linking ligand and Ru(p-Cymene)Cl₂. The assembled organoruthenium has high abundant active sites for formaldehyde decomposition at low temperature. The reaction rate could increase linearly with temperature and formaldehyde concentration, with a TOF of 2420 h⁻¹ at 90 °C. It is promising for gaseous formaldehyde decomposition in wet air or nitrogen. Formaldehyde conversion is up to 95 % over Ru-DAPM is 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane at 90 °C in air. Gaseous formaldehyde decomposition is a two-steps process under oxygen-free condition. Firstly, formaldehyde dissolve in water, and be converted into hydrogen and formic acid through formaldehyde-water shift reaction. Then intermediate formic acid will further decompose into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. We also find formaldehyde decomposition is a synergetic catalysis process of oxygen and water in moist air. Oxygen is conducive to formic acid desorption and decomposition on the active sites, so assembled organoruthenium exhibit slightly higher conversion for formaldehyde decomposition in moist air. This work proposes a distinctive method for gaseous formaldehyde decomposition in the air, which is entirely different from formaldehyde photocatalysis or thermocatalysis oxidation.     

Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol using ionic liquid [BMIM]+[PF6]- encapsulated PVDF membrane

2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is one of the toxic chlorophenol compounds found in aquatic environments. Chlorophenols are priority pollutants, due to their high toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, experiments were carried out for the removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenol (Cl₂C₆H₃OH) from aqueous solution using commercial grade PVDF membrane immobilised with 1-Butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM]⁺[PF6]^- ionic liquid. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) used to identify and to confirm the surface morphology, functional groups and operational stability of Ionic Liquid [BMIM]⁺[PF₆]^- encapsulated PVDF membrane. The effect of various factors such as feed phase pH, initial 2,4-DCP concentration, operation time and stirring speed along with different stripping agents such as NaOH, KOH and NH₄OH on the removal of chlorophenols has been investigated. The maximum permeation rate of 85.52% was achieved over an experimental run of 24 at pH 4 with a strip flux of 8.18323 × 10^?09 mol m^?2s^?1 in 0.1 M NaOH strip phase.     

依赖型值的非奇异自适应三角剖分方法

1 引言 众所周知,三角剖分是在许多科学计算如曲面设计与拟合、有限元计算以及其他大型科学计算等领域中不可回避的问题.     

光催化法脱出水中无机氮的研究进展

综述了近年光催法脱除水中无机氮(氨氮、亚硝酸氮和硝酸氮)的研究进展和现状.重点介绍了氨氮的光催化氧化、硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮光催化还原的机理及其影响因素,并据此提出了本领域今后的研究方向.     

Filtration characteristics of a binary multi-layer granular bed filter based on CFD-DEM coupling simulation

The coupled CFD-DEM method with the JKR (Johnson-Kendall-Roberts) model for describing the contact adhesion of dust to filter particles (FPs) is used to simulate the distribution pattern of dust particle deposition in the granular bed filter (GBF) with multi-layer media. The minimum inlet flow velocity must meet the requirement that the contact probability between dust and FPs is in the high contact probability region. The air flow forms vortices on the leeward side of the FPs and changes abruptly at the intersection of different particle size FPs layers. Dust particles form large deposits at the intersection of the first and second layers and the different particle size filter layers. Dual element multilayer GBF can further optimize the bed structure by interlacing filter layers with different particle sizes. Compared with single particle size multi-layer GBF, the bed pressure drop is reduced by 40.24%–50.65% and the dust removal efficiency is increased by 21.93%–55.09%.     

力法去弹性支座多余约束的一种处理方式

针对带弹性支座多余约束结构力法计算问题,在分析弹性支座计算特点基础上,提出一种解除弹性支座固定支点约束、保留完整弹簧作为基本结构一部分的去弹性支座多余约束处理思路,一方面便于利用原结构弹簧固定支点处已知的零位移条件建立形式统一、意义明确的力法典型方程,方程系数和自由项均为基本结构中弹簧解除约束点处的绝对位移;另一方面弹簧变形对计算的影响限于主系数,将弹簧看作附着于基本结构的轴力单元,主系数可由杆件弯曲变形产生的主位移与弹性支座柔度系数叠加得到。解除支座固定支点的去多余约束方式对拉压弹性支座、转动弹性支座及刚性支座均适用,可规范力法求解过程和提高计算效率。

     

着生刚毛藻处理富营养化湖泊水

分别研究了室内和露天条件下在鹅卵石上着生的刚毛藻Cladophora oligoclona对富营养化湖水中氮(N)和磷(P)的净化效果及其对水华藻类生长的抑制能力,同时对处理后湖水的藻类生长潜力进行了测试.结果显示,刚毛藻在原始浓度总氮(TN)10.512 mg/L和总磷(TP)0.856 mg/L的富营养化湖水中能维持正常的生长代谢,并能有效去除水体中的N、P养分.在室内12 d培养期间,刚毛藻对TN、氨氮(NH4-N)、TP和无机磷(PO4-P)的平均去除率分别达53.13%,44.40%,35.71%和30.53%.在室外6 d培养期间,刚毛藻对TN、NH4-N、TP和PO4-P的日均减少量分别为1.643 5±0.413 9,1.350 3±0.352 4,0.113 7±0.041 1,0.074 2±0.033 0 mg/L,总去除率分别高达93.81%,94.62%,79.67%和77.66%.刚毛藻对水华微囊藻生长的抑制率达99.63%,处理后湖水的藻类生长潜力较原湖水下降了40.17%.据此认为,刚毛藻在净化污染水体、修复受损湖泊及防治水体富营养化等方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

固定化新月菱形藻的制备及其对N、P吸收的影响

为优化固定化新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium)在污水中去氮、磷的效果, 以褐藻酸钠为固定化载体, 采用单因子试验方法, 研究了不同包埋藻细胞密度(0、0.27×107、0.81×107、1.35×107、1.89×107、2.43×107 cells?mL-1), 不同藻球直径(2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0mm), 3% CaCl2溶液不同加固时间(0、1、2、4、6、8h)、不同藻球用量(0、7.5、15.0、22.5、30.0、37.5g?L-1)和不同加固时间下反复使用次数对氮、磷的去除效果. 结果表明: 包埋藻细胞密度为1.35×107 cells?ml-1时单位藻细胞去除NH4+-N和PO43--P的效果较好. 藻球规格对NH4+-N和PO43--P去除效率的影响不显著(P>0.05). CaCl2加固时间2~8h对藻球中藻细胞生长、NH4+-N和PO43--P去除率没有显著影响(P>0.05), 但均显著高于加固1h, 未经加固的藻球极易破损. 藻球投放质量越大, NH4+-N和PO43--P的去除速度越快, 投放量为30g?L-1, 培养9d后, NH4+-N和PO43--P去除率可达80%以上. 固定化藻球反复使用3次以上, 其NH4+-N和PO43--P的去除效率下降. 由此得出: 固定化新月菱形藻球包埋藻细胞密度以1.35×107 cells?mL-1, 藻球直径3.5mm为佳; 藻球制作时在3% CaCl2溶液中加固最佳时间为2h; 藻球用量为30g?L-1; 对藻球定期(9d)进行加固, 有利于增加藻球使用寿命, 并保持其较好的氮、磷去除率.