Biocatalytic process intensification via efficient biocatalyst immobilization,miniaturization, and process integration

1. Download : Download high-res image (205KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Cr(VI) and Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution in fixed bed column using rice bran; experimental,statistical and GA modelling

Rice bran, a green and low-cost adsorbent, is used for Chromium (VI) and Copper (II) remotion from its aqueous solution. The influence of different process parameters in a fixed-bed on the removing efficiency has been investigated. The results show that the removal efficiency is higher at a minimum flow rate, low metal ion concentration, and higher bed height. The adsorption studies show that the rice bran has a better affinity to Chromium (VI) than Copper (II). Different kinetic models are used for the prediction of the column performance. This study shows that rice bran could be a potential and eco-friendly adsorbent for chromium (VI) and copper (II) removal and is suitable for developing countries like India. Multiple linear regression and ANN-based genetic algorithm modelling have been applied successfully to predict both metal ions' percentage removal separately.     

高中化学“电负性”的项目式教学*——甲醛的危害与去除

电负性是高中化学选择性必修课程“物质结构与性质”模块的重要概念。本课例采用“项目式教学”的方式,在对“甲醛的危害与去除”的分析、讨论与实验过程中,加深对电负性概念的理解,同时尝试利用电负性分析与预测物质的化学性质,体会电负性概念的使用价值。     

Simultaneous photocatalytic oxidation and adsorption for efficient As(III) removal by magnetic BiOI/γ-Fe2O3 core–shell nanoparticles

Addressing arsenite pollution in groundwater has drawn great attention. It is attractive to pre-oxidize highly mobile As(III) to relatively low-toxic As(V) with a subsequent adsorption separation process. Herein, BiOI anchoring on γ-Fe₂O₃ is performed to synthesize BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃ core–shell nanoparticles for efficient removal of As(III) via a simultaneous photocatalytic oxidization–adsorption process. The physical and chemical structures of BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃ are investigated by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The photoluminescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) characterization were employed to ascertain the possible reaction mechanism of visible-light-driven photocatalytic oxidation of As(III). Such BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃ delivers a superior As(III) removal capability under visible light irradiation with an arsenic removal efficiency of 99.8% within 180 min, higher than those of BiOCl/γ-Fe₂O₃ (81.7%) and BiOBr/γ-Fe₂O₃ (98.9%). The optimal BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃ (molar ratio of 2:1) is obtained by rationally adjusting the molar ratio of BiOI to γ-Fe₂O₃. The as-synthesized BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃ performs well in a wide pH range of 2–8. Only coexisting PO₄^3? anions have a significant effect on the As(III) removal. The free radical trapping experiment and ESR results demonstrate that the ?O₂^? and h⁺ are the main active substances for the photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) on BiOI/γ-Fe₂O₃. This work not only gives a novel magnetic core–shell nanoparticle photocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic oxidation and adsorption of As(III) but also offers a new strategy to rationally design BiOX for its related practical applications.     

金属有机框架材料UTSA-74高效去除水溶液中的砷

利用水热法合成金属有机框架材料UTSA-74,并用它同时去除水中的As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)。 批次实验结果表明,在低质量浓度情况下(~1 mg/L),UTSA-74对As(Ⅴ)的去除率高达95%。 对As(Ⅲ)的去除率达85%。 经拟合,本实验符合拟二级动力学及Freundlich等温吸附模型。 本文还探究了共存离子(如Cl^-、NO₃^-、PO₄^3-)干扰影响,结果表明PO₄^3-的存在会抑制吸附的进行,可能是由于竞争吸附位点所致。 此外,本文对吸附后的材料进行洗脱(0.1 mol/L NaOH),将洗脱后的UTSA-74材料再次进行吸附探究,反复3次,其去除率仍可达70%左右。 为探究其中机理,本文通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)对吸附前后材料进行表征,结果表明吸附过程中可能形成了Zn—O—As,以此促进吸附反应的进行。 综上所述,UTSA-74可以作为一种处理砷的新型吸附剂,具有一定的实用价值。     

B改性钒钛催化剂低温NH3-SCR还原NOx

选择性催化还原(SCR)技术是降低柴油机NOx排放的常用技术,其核心部件为催化剂.目前最广泛使用的催化剂为V2O5/TiO2催化剂,但其存在一些缺点,如低温活性不佳、活性温度窗口较窄等.为了解决该催化剂存在的上述一系列问题,我们对V2O5/TiO2催化剂进行改性处理.采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了 B改性的V2O5/T...     

功能化金属有机骨架材料去除饮用水污染物的研究进展

金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料是一类以过渡金属为中心、含杂原子的有机物为配体、通过配位作用形成的周期性网络多孔晶体材料。与其他的多孔材料相比,MOFs配体种类繁多,比表面积极大,孔径大小可调控且具有特殊(饱和或不饱和)的金属位点,在气体存储、催化、吸附与分离等领域有广阔的应用前景。近年来,功能化MOFs对污染物的富集和去除成为学者关注的热点。这是由于通过对MOFs进行功能化修饰,能够改变MOFs的孔径大小、表面带电性质等物化性质,从而实现对目标物更高效的吸附。该文综述了近年来功能化MOFs对饮用水污染物吸附的研究进展,包括饮用水污染物的类型及危害、功能化MOFs的制备方法以及去除饮用水污染物的应用,并对今后的发展前景进行了展望。     

废水生物脱氮工艺中N2O排放数学模型研究进展

N_2O是一种重要的温室气体,而污水生物脱氮处理过程是N_2O的潜在产生源之一。随着污水处理量和处理程度的不断提高,N_2O的排放量也将不断增大。建立N_2O排放数学模型对污水生物脱氮系统中N_2O生成机制的深入研究和污水处理行业N_2O削减工艺技术的开发具有重大的理论及实践意义。本文归纳了生物脱氮工艺的原理,系统阐述了生物脱氮工艺中N_2O的生成机理和排放数学模型的类型、建立方法及应用情况。在此基础上,对生物脱氮工艺中N_2O排放数学模型的研究现状和研究方向进行了总结和展望,以期为N_2O排放数学模型的完善、N_2O排放量的削减、污水生物脱氮工艺的优化及污水处理行业的可持续发展提供理论基础和科学依据。     

沸石在去除卷烟烟气中亚硝胺的应用

吸烟污染;沸石;添加剂;沸石在去除卷烟烟气中亚硝胺的应用     

MgO脱除HCN的动力学研究

研究了MgO在不同温度下对HCN的脱除作用,并用XRD对反应后固相产物进行分析。研究了温度、MgO质量分数、HCN初始体积分数和停留时间等因素对HCN脱除效率的影响,并求出MgO与HCN反应的动力学参数。结果表明,673 K时,MgO已经开始与HCN发生反应,当温度高于873 K时,HCN中气态"N"已转化到固相产物MgCN₂中;HCN脱除效率随温度、MgO质量分数和停留时间的增加呈线性增加,但随HCN初始体积分数增加呈负幂函数的规律下降;MgO与HCN的反应级数α为0.72,表观活化能E为32.2 kJ/mol。