A Platform-Independent Methodology for Performance Estimation of Multimedia Signal Processing Applications

A methodological framework for performance estimation of multimedia signal processing applications on different implementation platforms is presented. The methodology derives a complexity profile which is characteristic for an application, but completely platform-independent. By correlating the complexity profile with platform-specific data, performance estimation results for different platforms are obtained. The methodology is based on a reference software implementation of the targeted application, but is, in constrast to instruction-level profiling-based approaches, fully independent of its optimization degree. The proposed methodology is demonstrated by example of an MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) video decoder. Performance estimation results are presented for two different platforms, a specialized VLIW media processor and an embedded general-purpose RISC processor, showing a high accuracy of he methodology. The approach can be employed to assist in design decisions in the specification phase of new architectures, in the selection process of a suitable target platform for a multimedia application, or in the optimization stage of a software implementation on a specific platform.Hans-Joachim Stolberg received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Hannover, Germany, in 1995.From 1995 to 1996, he worked at the NEC Information Technology Research Laboratories, Kawasaki, Japan, on efficient implementation of video compression algorithms. Since 1996, he has been with the Institute of Microelectronic Systems at the University of Hannover as a Research Assistant. During summer 2001, he was a Monbukagakusho Research Fellow at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. His current research interests include VLSI architectures for video signal processing, performance estimation of multimedia schemes, and profile-guided memory organization approaches for signal processing and multimedia applications.Mladen Bereković received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Hannover, Germany, in 1995.Since then he has been a Research Assistant with the Institute of Microelectronic Systems of the University of Hannover. His current research interests include VLSI architectures for video signal processing, MPEG-4, System-on-Chip (SOC) designs, and simultaneously multi-threaded (SMT) processor architectures.Peter Pirsch received the Ing. grad. degree from the engineering college in Hannover, Germany, in 1966, and the Dipl.-Ing. and Dr.-Ing. degrees from the University of Hannover, in 1973 and 1979, respectively, all in electrical engineering.From 1966 to 1973 he was employed by Telefunken, Hannover, working in the Television Department. He became a Research Assistant at the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hannover, in 1973, a Senior Engineer in 1978. During 1979 to 1981 he was on leave, working in the Visual Communications Research Department, Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ. During 1983 to 1986 he was Department Head for Digital Signal Processing at the SEL Research Center, Stuttgart, Germany. Since 1987 he is Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Hannover. He served as Vice President Research of the University of Hannover from 1998 to 2002.His present research includes architectures and VLSI implementations for image processing applications, rapid prototyping and design automation for DSP applications. He is the author or coauthor of more than 200 technical papers. He has edited a book on VLSI Implementations for Image Communications (Elsevier 1993) and is author of the book Architectures for Digital Signal Processing (John Wiley 1998).Dr. Pirsch is a member of the IEEE, the German Institute of Information Technology Engineers (ITG) and the German Association of Engineers (VDI). He was recipient of several awards: the NTG paper price award (1982), IEEE Fellow (1997), IEEE Circuits and Systems Golden Jubilee Medal (1999). He was member or chair of several technical program committees of international conferences and organizer of special sessions and preconference courses. He has held several administrative and technical positions with the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society and other professional organizations. Dr. Pirsch currently serves as Vice President Publications of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. Since 2000 he is chairman of the Accreditation Commission for Engineering and Informatics of the Accreditation Agency for Study Programs in Engineering, Informatics, Natural Science and Mathematics (ASIIN). Dr. Pirsch is chair of the VDI committee on Engineering Education.     

普陀广播电视大楼专业用电总体设计方案及实施

介绍了普陀广播电视大楼专业用电总体设计方案及具体实施中出现的问题和解决办法,阐述了如何从广播电视专业用电安全性和可靠性两个方面保障广播电视节目安全播出.     

实时数据库系统中数据压缩技术的研究

实时数据库系统是对时间要求非常高的系统,而企业所集成的数据采集点数通常有几千到十几万个,数据采集时间间隔达秒级,数据量很大,因而数据压缩技术在实时数据库系统中尤为重要。采用基于变化率的矢量压缩和选择适当的动态压缩偏差参数使数据压缩率明显提高,有力地保证了实时数据库系统的时间特性,给企业的生产和管理带来很大的变化,提高了企业的生产率和经济效益。     

Some Spectral Properties of One Sturm-Liouville Type Problem with Discontinuous Weight

We consider a discontinuous weight Sturm-Liouville equation together with eigenparameter dependent boundary conditions and two supplementary transmission conditions at the point of discontinuity. We extend and generalize some approaches and results of the classic regular Sturm-Liouville problems to the similar problems with discontinuities. In particular, we introduce a special Hilbert space formulation in such a way that the problem under consideration can be interpreted as an eigenvalue problem for a suitable selfadjoint operator, construct the Green’s function and resolvent operator, and derive asymptotic formulas for eigenvalues and normalized eigenfunctions.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 Mukhtarov O. Sh. and Kadakal M.__________Translated from Sibirskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 860–875, July–August, 2005.     

Characterization survey of Ga<Subscript>x</Subscript>In<Subscript>1−x</Subscript>As/InAs<Subscript>y</Subscript>P<Subscript>1−y</Subscript> double heterostructures and InAs<Subscript>y</Subscript>P<Subscript>1−y</Subscript> multilayers grown on InP

Low-bandgap, lattice-mismatched Ga_xIn_1−xAs (GaInAs) grown using InAs_yP_1−y (InAsP) compositional-step grades on InP is a primary choice for lightabsorbing, active layers in high-efficiency thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices. The GaInAs/InAsP double heterostructures (DHs) show exceptional minority carrier lifetimes of up to several microseconds. We have performed a characterization survey of 0.4–0.6-eV GaInAs/InAsP DHs using a variety of techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dislocations are rarely observed to thread into the GaInAs active layers from the InAsP buffer layers that terminate the graded regions. Nearly complete strain relaxation occurs in buried regions of the InAsP grades. The buffer-layer strain prior to deposition of the active layer is virtually independent of the net misfit. Foreknowledge of this buffer-layer strain is essential to correctly lattice match the buffer to the GaInAs active layer.     

网元观点的PDH光传输系统信息模型研究

本文采用在ＩＴＵ－ＴＧ．８０５建议中定义的传送网通用功能结构模型，建立了ＰＤＨ传送网功能结构模型；在这一达网功能结构模型的基础上，结合ＰＤＨ光传输系统的网管要求，建立了网元观点的ＰＤＨ光传输系统信息模型。     

Partial dislocations and stacking faults in 4H-SiC PiN diodes

Using plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we have identified stacking faults (SFs) in 4H-SiC PiN diodes subjected to both light and heavy electrical bias. Our observations suggest that the widely expanded SFs seen after heavy bias are faulted dislocation loops that have expanded in response to strain of the 4H-SiC film, while faulted screw or 60° threading dislocations do not give rise to widely expanded SFs. Theoretical calculations show that the expansion of SFs depends on the Peach-Koehler (PK) forces on the partial dislocations bounding the SFs, indicating that strain plays a critical role in SF expansion.     

飞行器的测控及遥感图像传输体制与系统

本文讨论飞行器常用的三种测控及图像传输体制，即分散体制，统一载波体制，统一扩频体讨论的重点是后两种体制，文中简述了各种体制的原理，比较了各种体制的优缺点，讨论了关键问题，及多种派生技术。     

多媒体终端中声音和数据的集成传输

本文描述了采用包复用方式在固定带宽内集成传输声音和多媒体数据的多媒体终端通信系统，系统中的声音编码采用了静默检测技术，声音编码的速率可以根据信道的拥挤程度在３２ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ和１６ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ之间动态地变化。本文提出了一种利用增减静默抽样来同步声音编解码时钟的方法，本文还提出了利用数据队列的短时平均长度来判断信道繁忙程度的算法，在多媒体数据突发性强、数据量大时，该算法比利用声音或数据队列的瞬时长度判断更为准确。     

Multimedia Execution Hardware Accelerator

In this paper we show that some expressions frequently used in multimedia applications can be formulated as a general add-multiply-add operation. We further show a hardwired implementation of the Add-Multiply-Add instruction which is no more complex than the multiplier implementation. Furthermore we show that two frequently motion estimation operations, the Sum and Mean of Absolute Differences, can be implemented in hardware requiring also approximately the same cycle time as the multiplication. We also show that our approach can be extended easily to provide the computation of the Sum and Mean of Absolute Difference of a 16×16 pixel block in no more than four machine cycles. Additionally we propose a codec hardwired mechanism for the Paeth predictor used in the Portable Network Standard (PNG) that requires at most two general purpose ALU cycles. We extend the paeth unit to include the median, maximum and minimum operations on three inputs with no additional cycle time and we also extend the Add-Multiply-Add unit to include the mean of three numbers. Finally we propose a multimedia hardware accelerator to accommodate all the proposed operations. The proposed unit is an extension of the multiply pipeline with ALU extensions with no extra stages added. The unit operates on 32 instructions in total.