光时域反射光纤光栅传感系统中双激光器的驱动设计

为了扩大应变测量的范围,提出了使用两个分布反馈式(DFB)激光器作为光时域反射光纤光栅(OTDR-FBG)传感系统的光源的方法,并设计了相应的纳秒脉冲驱动电路和温控电路,得到两个激光器的驱动脉冲宽度分别为3.10 ns和3.18 ns,脉冲幅值分别为4.40 V和4.08 V,温度控制电路精度达到±0.04 ℃。经测试得到的纳秒脉冲和温控精度满足OTDR-FBG传感系统的要求。     

无功功率及其相关概念的深度理解

有功功率、无功功率、视在功率和功率因数是电工学中非常重要的基本概念,贯穿电气工程专业课程体系的始终。一些本科教材体系中存在着对这些概念——特别是无功功率概念的模糊引导,导致歧义产生。典型的误解是把电源与负载间存在功率交换视为无功功率产生的必要条件。这种歧义影响了电气工程专业学生及其从业人员对这些概念的理解和应用。本文通过一些典型实例,深入阐释这些概念的内在含义,以期消除歧义,提高教学效果。     

一种用于流水线A/D转换器的低功耗采样/保持电路

文章介绍了一种适用于10位20MS／s流水线A／D转换器的采样／保持（S／H）电路。该电路为开关电容结构，以0．6μm DPDM CMOS工艺实现。采用差分信号输入结构，降低对共模噪声的敏感度，共模反馈电路的设计稳定了共模输出，以达到高精度。该S／H电路采用低功耗运算跨导放大器（OTA），在5V电源电压下，功耗仅为5mW。基于该S／H电路的流水线A／D转换器在20MHz采样率下，信噪比（SNR）为58dB，功耗为49mW。     

自由摆的平板控制系统设计

为了实现对基于自由摆的平板的控制,建立了基于自由摆的平板控制系统.首先分析平板的控制转角与自由摆转角的关系,推导出关系式,再对控制单元、反馈单元进行分析比较给出方案,采用32位LPC2138(ARM7)处理器为平板控制系统的中央控制单元,实现由高精度电位器测量出摆动角度后由步进电机控制的平板在周期摆动中做相应反馈调整,然后在现有器件的基础上编制出控制软件,在设备上进行调试,最后对系统的精度进行分析并进行实际测量.测量结果表明激光笔在摆动中照射在靶板上的光斑偏离基准线最大0.89cm,基本满足对平板的控制要求.     

The Role of Ate Complexes in the Copper‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Alkynes

Trifluoromethylation reactions have recently received increased attention because of the beneficial effect of the trifluoromethyl group on the pharmacological properties of numerous substances. A common method to introduce the trifluoromethyl group employs the Ruppert–Prakash reagent, that is, Si(CH₃)₃CF₃, together with a copper(I) halide. We have applied this method to the trifluoromethylation of aromatic alkynes and used electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry to investigate the mechanism of these reactions in tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile as well as with and without added 1,10‐phenanthroline. In the absence of the alkyne component, the homoleptic ate complexes [Cu(CF₃)₂]^? and [Cu(CF₃)₄]^? were observed. In the presence of the alkynes RH, the heteroleptic complexes [Cu(CF₃)₃R]^? were detected as well. Upon gas‐phase fragmentation, these key intermediates released the cross‐coupling products R?CF₃ with perfect selectivity. Apparently, the [Cu(CF₃)₃R]^? complexes did not originate from homoleptic cuprate anions, but from unobservable neutral precursors. The present results moreover point to the involvement of oxygen as the oxidizing agent.     

A high-speed current conveyor based current comparator

In this paper, a new high-speed current mode comparator based on inherent current conveyor and positive feedback properties is presented. This novel approach has resulted in major reduction of the response time and hence a wide band application of the circuit. Simulation results using HSPICE and 0.18 μm CMOS technology with 1.8 V supply confirms a propagation delay of less than 0.4 ns in the high frequency range of 700 MHz with 158 μw power dissipation. Under the above conditions, the accuracy of the input current is as low as 50 nA.     

Dynamical behaviour of Liu system with time delayed feedback

This paper investigates the dynamical behaviour of the Liu system with time delayed feedback. Two typical situations are considered and the effect of time-delay parameter on the dynamics of the system is discussed. It is shown that the Liu system with time delayed feedback may exhibit interesting and extremely rich dynamical behaviour. The evolution of the dynamics is shown to be complex with varying time-delay parameter. Moreover, the strange attractor like ‘wormhole＇ is detected via numerical simulations.     

Laser frequency stabilization based on Sagnac interferometric spectroscopy

A simple method based on Sagnac interferometric spectroscopy (SIS) is applied for frequency stabilization of diode lasers. Sagnac interferometric spectra of rubidium vapor are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The interference signal at the output of the Sagnac interferometer displays a sharp dispersion feature near the atomic resonance. This dispersion curve is used as the feedback error signal to stabilize the laser frequency. Linewidth of a diode laser is stabilized down to 1 MHz by this modulation-free method.     

Alternative Realizations of CMOS Current Feedback Amplifiers for Low Voltage Applications

Two variants of a new current feedback amplifier (CFA) are presented in this paper. These CFAs are realized in CMOS technology and both are capable of working at low voltages. It is shown that one circuit performs better than the other by virtue of an increased impedance at its Z terminal achieved through the use of additional transistors. Analysis of both variants of the current conveyor and buffer that form the current feedback amplifier gives an insight into the location of primary poles and zeros of the CFAs. Simulation results indicate an overall gain bandwidth product in excess of 59 MHz and 102 MHz for each circuit at a gain of –10 and with a 3.3 V supply. Experimental results from a chip fabricated in a 0.35 m CMOS technology agree closely with the simulation results.     

H ∞ and Robust Control of 2-D Systems in FM Second Model

This paper deals with output feedback stabilization and H control problems for two-dimensional (2-D) discrete linear systems without or with parameter uncertainty. The class of systems under investigation is described by the 2-D local state space Fornasini-Marchesini second model. We aim at designing a dynamical output feedback controller to achieve asymptotic stability and H performance for the 2-D system. It is shown that the design of output feedback controller can be recast into a convex optimization problem characterized by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The LMI solution is further extended to solve the robust stabilization problem for 2-D systems subject to norm-bounded uncertainty. The solutions for the H control and robust stabilization are applied to two application examples: thermal process control and robust stabilization of processes in Darboux equation.