全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5913篇 |
免费 | 1312篇 |
国内免费 | 668篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1105篇 |
晶体学 | 57篇 |
力学 | 281篇 |
综合类 | 36篇 |
数学 | 158篇 |
物理学 | 4197篇 |
无线电 | 2059篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 63篇 |
2022年 | 112篇 |
2021年 | 137篇 |
2020年 | 167篇 |
2019年 | 128篇 |
2018年 | 138篇 |
2017年 | 177篇 |
2016年 | 199篇 |
2015年 | 186篇 |
2014年 | 298篇 |
2013年 | 797篇 |
2012年 | 346篇 |
2011年 | 427篇 |
2010年 | 350篇 |
2009年 | 428篇 |
2008年 | 407篇 |
2007年 | 412篇 |
2006年 | 375篇 |
2005年 | 346篇 |
2004年 | 274篇 |
2003年 | 270篇 |
2002年 | 272篇 |
2001年 | 197篇 |
2000年 | 189篇 |
1999年 | 150篇 |
1998年 | 161篇 |
1997年 | 127篇 |
1996年 | 106篇 |
1995年 | 97篇 |
1994年 | 78篇 |
1993年 | 97篇 |
1992年 | 89篇 |
1991年 | 65篇 |
1990年 | 48篇 |
1989年 | 32篇 |
1988年 | 26篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有7893条查询结果,搜索用时 609 毫秒
171.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies were carried out on gamma radiation synthesized polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC). The polymer was found to undergo thermal degradation in two stages. The first stage showed a weight loss of 33% and the second stage showed a weight loss of 67%. The DSC thermogram shows two endothermic peaks corresponding to the two stages in the TG thermogram and the experimental enthalpy change associated with the first and second stages were 650 J g−1 and 129.5 J g−1, respectively. The nth-order kinetic parameters (order of the reaction, activation energy and the pre-exponential factor) were determined from a single dynamic DSC or thermogravimetric (TG) thermogram by the method of least square. Theoretical TG/differential thermogravimetric (DTG) and DSC thermograms derived from the calculated kinetic parameters were in good agreement with the experimental ones at the heating rate employed. However, the kinetic parameters determined using TG and DSC were different. This leads to the conclusion that the degradation mechanism could be complicated and may consists of a number of parallel or consecutive reactions. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer was found to be around 150 °C depending on the test method employed. 相似文献
172.
C. Streli G. Pepponi P. Wobrauschek N. Zger P. Pianetta K. Baur S. Pahlke L. Fabry C. Mantler B. Kanngießer W. Malzer 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2003,58(12):2105-2112
The unique properties of synchrotron radiation, such as high incident flux combined with low divergence, its linear polarization and energy tunability, make it an ideal excitation source for total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy in order to non-destructively detect trace impurities of transition metals on Si wafer surfaces. When used with a detector suitable for the determination of low energy radiation this technique can be extended to the detection of low-Z elements, such as Al, Na and Mg. Experiments have been performed at SSRL Beamline 3-3, a bending magnet beamline using monochromatic radiation from a double multilayer monochromator. The wafer was mounted vertically in front of the detector, which was aligned along the linear polarization vector of the incoming synchrotron radiation. This configuration allows the detector to accept a large solid angle as well as to take advantage of the reduced scattered X-ray intensity emitted in the direction of the linear polarization vector. A comparison between droplet samples and spin coated samples was done, in order to compare the capabilities of vapor phase decomposition (VPD-TXRF) with conventional SR-straight-TXRF. Detection limits in the range of 50 fg corresponding to 2E10 atoms/cm2 have been obtained for Na. The spin coated samples, prepared from solutions containing an equal amount of Na, Mg and Al showed an unexpected result when performing a scan of the angle of incidence of the incoming X-rays suggesting a different adsorption behavior of the elements in a multielement solution on the wafer surface. The observation of this behavior is important because the spin coating technique is the standard method for the preparation of surface standards in semiconductor quality control. This effect could be characteristic of the Na, Mg, Al solution used, but the angle dependence of the fluorescence signal of a standard should always be investigated before using the standard for calibration of the apparatus and quantification. 相似文献
173.
《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2005,37(9):713-720
The surface structure of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) upon α‐particle irradiation has been investigated at doses in the range of 1 × 107 to 1 × 1011 Rad and compared with the surface structure of the unirradiated polymer. Both neat and 25% fiberglass content PTFE were studied. The samples, maintained at nominal room temperature, were irradiated in vacuum by 5.5 MeV 4He2+ ions generated in a tandem accelerator beam line. Static time‐of‐flight SIMS (ToF‐SIMS) was employed to probe chemical changes at the surface as a function of the irradiation level. In general, the data are indicative of increased cross‐linking at α‐doses less than 1 × 109 Rad, followed by increased fragmentation and unsaturation at α‐doses greater than 1 × 109 Rad. Throughout the irradiation regime, scission is a constant factor promoting cross‐linking, branching, and unsaturation. However, at α‐doses greater than 1 × 1010 Rad, extreme structural degradation of the polymer becomes evident and is accompanied by conversion to oxygen‐functionalized and aliphatic compounds. Thus, for PTFE in an α‐particle field, an upper exposure limit of ~1010 Rad is essential for nominal retention of molecular structure. Finally, a quantitative relationship between α‐dose and characteristic fragment ion intensity is developed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
174.
175.
脉冲氙灯用截紫外石英玻璃管性能的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
研究了不同CeO2浓度掺铈石英玻璃的光谱性能和机械强度,制备了几种不同杂质(CeO2,Al2O3,TiO2)含量的掺铈石英玻璃管,并且这些掺铈石英玻璃管用相同的工艺研制成大功率脉冲氙灯。对掺铈石英玻璃管的光谱性能、机械性能和热学性能进行了测试,并测试了脉冲氙灯放电的极限负载能量。通过对比实验表明,掺入适量的CeO2等杂质的掺铈石英玻璃管可以吸收氙等离子体的320nm左右的近紫外辐射,改善脉冲氙灯的辐射光谱。但CeO2等杂质的掺入降低了掺铈石英玻璃管的机械强度,导致掺铈石英玻璃管脉冲氙灯的极限负载能量比纯石英玻璃管脉冲氙灯有差距,影响了掺铈石英玻璃管脉冲氙灯的使用寿命。因此,有必要研制一种既能吸收氙等离子体的320nm左右的紫外辐射,又具有高强度的脉冲氙灯管壁材料。 相似文献
176.
Amol D. RautRavindranath Shashidhar Jayant R. Bandekar Balu P. Kapadnis 《Radiation Physics and Chemistry》2012,81(1):82-85
Campylobacter, a common poultry intestine commensal, is a well known cause of human gastric illnesses across the globe. Consumption of contaminated poultry meat is a major cause of Campylobacter related infections. In the present study, radiation sensitivity of indigenous strains of C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from poultry was evaluated. The decimal reduction dose (D10) values of different Campylobacter isolates at 0-4 °C in saline and blood broth were in the range of 0.120-0.210 kGy and 0.170-0.234 kGy, respectively. D10 values in chicken meat homogenate for Campylobacter were in the range of 0.110-0.190 kGy. Chicken meat samples were inoculated with C. jejuni and exposed to gamma radiation to study the effectiveness of radiation treatment in elimination of Campylobacter. Radiation treatment with a dose of 1 kGy could achieve complete elimination of 105 CFU of Campylobacter/g in poultry meat samples. No recovery of Campylobacter was observed, even after enrichment and selective plating in 1 kGy treated chicken meat samples stored at 4 °C up to 7 days. Present study shows that irradiation of poultry meat with 1 kGy can ensure safety of poultry meat. 相似文献
177.
The low dose limit and the accuracy of high sensitivity MOS ionizing radiation dosimeters fabricated at LAAS-CNRS are investigated. 相似文献
178.
- Download : Download high-res image (201KB)
- Download : Download full-size image
179.
180.
Industrially advanced countries and inereasingly also agricultural countries today use radioisotopes as labelled compounds or scaled sources in order to solve their scientific and technological problems. 相似文献