The Electrochemical Behavior of α‐Ketoglutarate at the Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode in Acidic Aqueous Solution and Its Practical Application in Environmental and Biological Samples

The voltammetric behavior of α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) has been investigated in acetate buffer solution. Under the optimum experimental conditions (pH 4.5, 0.2 M NaAc‐HAc buffer solution), a sensitive reductive wave of α‐KG was obtained by linear scan voltammetry (LSV) and the peak potential was ?1.18 V (vs. SCE), which was an irreversible adsorption wave. The kinetic parameters of the electrode process were α=0.3 and k_s=0.72 1/s. There was a linear relationship between peak current i_{p, α‐KG} and α‐KG concentration in the range of 2×10^?6–8×10^?4 M α‐KG. The detection limit was 8×10^?7 M and the relative standard deviation was 2.0% (C_α‐KG=8×10^?4 M, n=10). Applications of the reductive wave of α‐KG for practical analysis were addressed as follows: (1) It can be used for the quantitative analysis of α‐KG in biological samples and the results agree well with those obtained from the established ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. (2) Utilizing the complexing effect between α‐KG and aluminum, a linear relationship holds between the decrease of peak current of α‐KG Δi_p and the added Al concentration Cequation/tex2gif-inf-5.gif in the range of 5.0×10^?6–2.5×10^?4 M. The detection limit was 2.2×10^?6 M and the relative standard deviation was 3.1% (Cequation/tex2gif-inf-6.gif=4×10^?5 M, n=10). It was successfully applied to the detection of aluminum in water and synthetic biological samples with satisfactory results, which were consistent with those of ICP‐AES. (3) It was also applied to study the effect of Al^III on the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in the catalytically reaction of α‐KG+NH +NADH?L ‐glutamate+NAD⁺+H₂O by differential pulse polarography (DPP) technique. By monitoring DPP reductive currents of NAD⁺ and α‐KG, an elementary important result was found that Al could greatly affect the activity of GDH. This study could be attributed to intrinsic understanding of the aluminum's toxicity in enzyme reaction processes.     

微量元素锌在治疗Bell麻痹中的作用

为探讨急性早期应用补锌和综合疗法治疗Bell麻痹 ,将 1 5 8例Bell麻痹患者 ,随机分成两组 :(1 )补锌组 (补锌 +综合疗法 ) ;(2 )对照组 (单纯综合疗法 )。对其进行了观察对比治疗 ,同时检测了所有患者治疗前后自身对照发锌值 ,还对所有患者进行了定位诊断、面神经电反应测试、并对面肌功能进行评分。结果表明 ,对定位诊断其病变在D段、面肌功能评分在 1 1分以下、面神经无电反应患者 ,即使给予早期综合治疗 ,效果仍较差 ,而早期给予补锌加综合治疗效果优于对照组 ,其它段内患者治疗次数和治愈天数也均优于对照组。可见微量元素锌在发挥免疫应答、免疫调控中的重要作用     

不同鉴别阈值条件下SiPM光子计数激光雷达探测模型及性能分析

硅光电倍增管（Silicon Photomultiplier, SiPM）具有极高的探测灵敏度和响应速度,且在多光子条件下具有较高的动态范围以及线性响应的特性,在光子计数激光雷达应用中有独特的优势。然而,由于SiPM多像元、单时间通道的工作模式,其输出电压信号相较于其他单光子探测器更大概率出现脉冲堆叠现象,不同鉴别阈值条件下的SiPM探测过程更为复杂。针对该问题,本文建立了SiPM光子事件响应模型,以此为基础分析了由脉冲堆叠引发的屏蔽效应和触发效应两种特殊情况的时域分布,最终建立了SiPM半解析的探测概率与虚警概率模型。同时,搭建了基于SiPM探测器的光子计数雷达系统,通过观察实测输出电压波形以及光子点云分布与理论模型相符（R²>0.95）。通过查全率与查准率对不同鉴别阈值的SiPM光子点云分布进行定量评价,并给出最优鉴别阈值区间,这对基于SiPM的光子计数激光雷达系统硬件参数的优化设计以及探测性能的定量分析具有重要的指导意义。     

用于空间BIB探测器的0.3 W@4.2 K大冷量轻量化低温系统

大阵列BIB探测器由于其高量子效率和低暗电流而成为广泛的研究对象,特别是在空间应用方向。如2021年发射的詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜,它已经进行了许多重要的天文观测。一个稳定、高效、轻量化的液氦温区低温系统对BIB探测器的运行至关重要。氦节流制冷机可取代传统的大容积液氦杜瓦,能满足空间液氦温区的制冷要求。为了同时提高4.2 K的制冷量并减轻重量,提出了一种0.3 W@4.2 K的大冷量轻量化的4.2 K低温制冷系统。并且在现有0.1 W@4.1 K制冷量的低温系统上进行实验,验证了该系统的设计方法。在不同的冷却温度区采用不同的冷却方法,以实现冷却的高效性和轻便性。开发了一个新的集成斯特林制冷机,在80 K时提供高效的一级预冷,制冷量为15 W,重量仅为4.5 kg;二级预冷采用主动活塞调相的15 K脉管制冷机,制冷量为0.9 W。此多级低温制冷系统通过耦合氦气JT循环,可以在4.2 K时提供0.3 W的制冷量,输入功低于1.8 kW。此系统将为正在快速发展的红外天文观测所需的空间BIB探测器提供保障。     

SVPWM教学研究之重点解析

SVPWM是电力电子技术教学中的重要内容,本文对空间矢量调制的教学重点做了一个较为全面系统的梳理。重点阐述SVPWM的核心思想,特别是三相正弦交流电SVPWM的基本原理,严格证明了三相电压的空间矢量相等与线电压相等等价。同时,证明在SVPWM下,逆变器输出的最大圆为基本空间矢量构成的正六边形的内接圆、直流母线电压利用率提高了约15.4%。     

脉冲位置键控系统误比特性能分析

梳理基于等待门限判决的脉冲位置键控系统相关文献资料,发现文献给出的误比特率(BER)理论公式不能准确描述系统误比特率,尤其是在低信噪比情况下一些理论公式计算的误比特率已经高于0.5,超过了通信系统误比特率上限,不符合通信理论。分析了各文献资料误比特率理论公式推导过程中的问题所在,推导得到了一个新的误比特率理论公式。进行了数值仿真,结果表明,新的误比特率理论公式与仿真吻合良好,能够准确描述系统误比特率,并且在低噪比下计算的误比特率不高于0.5,符合通信理论。在新的误比特率理论公式基础上,分析了基于等待门限判决的脉冲位置键控系统能量效率,并与二进制相移键控(BPSK)系统进行了比较,表明基于等待门限判决的脉冲位置键控系统是一种具有较高能量效率的系统,在一定条件下甚至优于BPSK系统。     

示差脉冲伏安法测定黄酒中的酪氨酸

本文研究了硼砂介质中镍与酪氨酸络合物的示差脉冲吸附伏安特性，实验了仪器参数对示差脉冲阴极吸附伏安法的影响，在最佳条件下络合物峰电流与酪氨酸浓度在２．０×１０＾－７～４．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１范围内有线性关系，并以此法测定了黄酒中酪氨酸的含量。     

Nucleophilic Addition of Thiaproline to Electrochemically Derived o‐Quinone,Application to the Sensitive Voltammetric Detection of Thiaproline

The mechanism of electrochemical behavior of catechol in the presence of thiaproline is investigated by cyclic voltammetry, controlled‐potential coulometry and spectrophotometric tracing of the reaction coordinate. The results indicate that thiaproline participate in with an ECEC mechanism in a nucleophilic (Michael) addition to o‐quinone. Effect of pH of buffer solution on reaction pathway is studied and showed that addition of thiaproline to the o‐quinone is performed only in solutions with pHs higher than 5. These results indicate that the addition of thiaproline is occurred first from amine functional group. In the second step, the addition of carboxylate group of thiaproline to C‐5 of catechol results the final product with a lactone ring in its structure. Observation of two isosbestic point in absorption spectrum during the progress of the electrolysis together with the FT‐IR results for final product can be presented as evidence for two step addition of thiaproline to catechol. Final product, due to the electron donor property of thiaproline, more easily oxidized respect to the former catechol and as a result, a new redox couple is obtained for this compound in lower potentials. The easier anodic oxidation of addition product (relative to catechol) caused to an increase in anodic current for catechol, which is proportional to the thiaproline concentration. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is applied as a sensitive voltammetric method for the detection of thiaproline. A linear range from 5×10^?8 to 5×10^?6 M with a detection limit of 1×10^?8 M is resulted for thiaproline. With respect to the reversibility of the electrochemical reactions in the mechanism, and also more facile oxidation of the addition products, the square‐wave voltammetry is presented as a method with considerably more sensitivity for the detection of sub‐micromolar amounts of thiaproline. The advantageous properties of the voltammetric method for thiaproline detection lie in its excellent catalytic activity, sensitivity and simplicity.     

大黄素的吸附溶出伏安研究

研究了大黄素在甲醇、二氧六环和水的混合溶剂中以１％硼砂为支持电解质在静汞电极上的吸附伏安行为。建立了用微分脉冲吸附溶出伏安法测定其含量的新方法。在－０３０Ｖ（ｖｓＡｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）电位下吸附富集，可得一灵敏的还原溶出峰，峰电位－０７５Ｖ，浓度在５×１０－８～５×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内与峰电流具有良好的线性关系，最低检出限为１×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。该法用于含有大黄素体系的测定简便、快速、可靠。     

Pulse radiolysis of one-electron oxidation of rare tricyclic nucleoside derivative

~~Pulse radiolysis of one-electron oxidation of rare tricyclic nucleoside derivative@赵红卫$Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences! Shanghai 201800,China @江致勤$Department of Chemistry, Tongji Unviersity!Shanghai 200092,China @窦大营$Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences! Shanghai 201800,China @吴铁一$Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences! Shanghai 201800,China @王文锋$Shanghai…