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101.
Ion Grama Ronan Lauvergnat Émile Le Page 《Stochastic Processes and their Applications》2019,129(7):2485-2527
Let be a branching process in a random environment defined by a Markov chain with values in a finite state space . Let be the probability law generated by the trajectories of starting at We study the asymptotic behaviour of the joint survival probability , as in the critical and strongly, intermediate and weakly subcritical cases. 相似文献
102.
《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2018,56(14):1554-1563
A new class of amphiphilic polymers carrying two pendant docosyl (C22) chains, located at periodic intervals that are separated by PEG chains of varying lengths, was synthesized via a simple melt‐transesterification polymerization, using dimethyl, 2,5‐didocosyloxyterephthalate as one of the monomers. DSC, variable temperature FT‐IR, and WAXS studies demonstrated that immiscibility between the pendant docosyl units and the backbone PEG segments drives their self‐segregation; this results in the crystallization of the pendant docosyl segments and the generation of a lamellar morphology with the alkyl segments and the PEG chains occupying alternate layers. Based on the study of model criss‐cross amphiphiles that resemble the polymer repeat unit, it is postulated that the chains reconfigure such that both the docosyl chains fold to one side of the terephthalate unit while the PEG segments form a loop on the other side; these chains then organize in a bilayer to form the lamellar structure. The simplicity of the synthesis and the rather unique properties of these polymers suggests that such a design could be translated to develop other interesting functional materials that could exploit the immiscibility‐driven microphase separation for the generation of sub‐10 nm domains; these could have potential applications, such as in membranes, solid polymer electrolyte formulations, and so forth. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 1554–1563 相似文献
103.
Successive stepwise evolution of host layer‐stacking framework upon the intercalation of mobile vapor guests within side‐chain layers 下载免费PDF全文
Bei‐Kai Yang Chen‐An Wang Wen‐Yan Zhang Jrjeng Ruan 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2017,55(19):1448-1457
For the ordered phases of hairy‐rod semiconductive poly(2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophene‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT) sandwiched in between crystalline platelets of hexamethylbenzene, the successive stepwise evolution of layer‐stacking framework upon guest intercalation has been studied in this research. The direct consequence of the guest intercalation into side‐chain layers is evaluated to cause the lateral shift of thiophene backbones along π–π stacking, resulting in stepwise shift of ultraviolet absorption wavelength. The thermal motions of vapor guests within disordering side‐chain layers subsequently cause progressive expansion of host stacking framework. With the increase in side‐chain length, thicker layers of disordering side chains in liquid crystals (LCs) accommodate additional vapor guests and larger amplitudes of thermal motions of guests, hence promoting the level of reversible d‐spacing change. The mixing between mobile vapor guests and aliphatic side chains is clarified as the mechanism of guest intercalation, which rationalizes successive guest intercalation during heating and the contribution of disordering side‐chain layers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 1448–1456 相似文献
104.
液晶材料具有双折射效应,因此偏振光在液晶材料中各个方向上发生双折射的程度不同,这决定了LCD的视角特性和对比度随视角的变化有所不同。用光栅光谱仪测量在不同电压驱动下负性VA-LCD的电光特性,以及测量其电光特性随视角的变化;并对其三基色的电光特性和视角特性进行分析。结果表明,三基色的透过率在驱动电压2.2 V之前很小;在2.2 V后,透过率随电压的升高而增大;其中红基色和绿基色的透过率是一直升高,在电压达到5.0 V后,就是趋于平缓,而蓝基色的透过率是在3.7 V左右达到最大,而后慢慢变小,最后在电压达到6.0 V后,趋近一个稳定值。负性VA-LCD三基色的视角特性:红基色的视角范围最宽,绿基色次之,蓝基色的视角范围最窄。 相似文献
105.
106.
AbstractAlkyl substituents appended to polymers play the determining role on self-assembly and film-forming properties, and on device performance. In this work, we highlight the effects of the linear and branched flexible chains appended to the acceptor moiety (A) in D-A type copolymers. Two thieno[3,4-c]-pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) based copolymers PT1 and PT2 with different alkyl chains, were designed and synthesized. By comparison their UV-vis absorptions, HOMO/LUMO energy levels, as well as the characters in polymer solar cells, the influences of alkyl chains were investigated. Both copolymers showed molecular weights of 21?kDa and similar optical properties with a medium band gap of 1.93?eV, while PT2 with the branched chain exhibited a lower HOMO than that of PT1 (?5.43 vs???5.37?eV). In bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, PT1 with a linear chain presented a short circuit current (Jsc) of 6.76?mA cm?2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.89?V and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.92%. To the contrary, PT2 showed a Jsc of 3.53?mA cm?2, Voc of 0.99?V, delivering a relatively lower PCE of 2.05%. The result indicates that appending a linear alkyl chain to the TPD unit could sufficient enhance the Jsc value of the related polymer. 相似文献
107.
Abstract Segmented polyurethane (PU) ionomers were prepared from cycloaliphatic diisocyanate [methylene bis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI) and isophoron diisocyanate (IPDI)] and polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) by using an anionic-type chain extender, viz., dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA). The effect of ionic content and butanediol (BD) on the state of dispersion and physical properties of emulsion-cast film was determined using Autosizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Instron, and Rheovibron. With increased incorporations of DMPA in PU, particle size of emulsion decreased asymptotically, tensile modulus and strength increased, and the glass transition temperature (T g) moved toward the higher temperature. On the other hand, with increased incorporation of BD in PU, particle size of emulsion, tensile modulus, and strength of the emulsion cast film increased, and the major transition of soft segment moved toward higher temperature. With regard to the structural effect of the isocyanate, H12MDI gave finer dispersion and better mechanical properties over IPDI. 相似文献
108.
Bharathi Avula Babu L. Tekwani Narayan D. Chaurasiya NP Dhammika Nanayakkara Yan‐Hong Wang Shabana I. Khan Vijender R. Adelli Rajnish Sahu Mahmoud A. Elsohly James D. McChesney Ikhlas A. Khan Larry A. Walker 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2013,48(2):276-285
Therapeutic efficiency and hemolytic toxicity of primaquine (PQ), the only drug available for radical cure of relapsing vivax malaria are believed to be mediated by its metabolites. However, identification of these metabolites has remained a major challenge apparently due to low quantities and their reactive nature. Drug candidates labeled with stable isotopes afford convenient tools for tracking drug‐derived metabolites in complex matrices by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS) and filtering for masses with twin peaks attributable to the label. This study was undertaken to identify metabolites of PQ from an in vitro incubation of a 1:1 w/w mixture of 13C6‐PQ/PQ with primary human hepatocytes. Acquity ultra‐performance LC (UHPLC) was integrated with QTOF‐MS to combine the efficiency of separation with high sensitivity, selectivity of detection and accurate mass determination. UHPLC retention time, twin mass peaks with difference of 6 (originating from 13C6‐PQ/PQ), and MS‐MS fragmentation pattern were used for phenotyping. Besides carboxy‐PQ (cPQ), formed by oxidative deamination of PQ to an aldehyde and subsequent oxidation, several other metabolites were identified: including PQ alcohol, predictably generated by oxidative deamination of PQ to an aldehyde and subsequent reduction, its acetate and the alcohol's glucuronide conjugate. Trace amounts of quinone‐imine metabolites of PQ and cPQ were also detected which may be generated by hydroxylation of the PQ/cPQ quinoline ring at the 5‐position and subsequent oxidation. These findings shed additional light on the human hepatic metabolism of PQ, and the method can be applied for identification of reactive PQ metabolites generated in vivo in preclinical and clinical studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
109.
3,4‐Diacetylhexane‐2,5‐dione (tetra‐acetylethane) undergoes a complex reaction with primary amines in boiling water to produce N‐alkyl‐3‐acetyl‐2,5‐dimethylpyrroles, together with small quantities of N‐alkyl‐3,4‐diacetyl‐2,5‐dimethylpyrroles and 2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl‐vinyl‐acetamides. When the reaction was carried out in methanol at room temperature, the yields of the latter products increased. 相似文献
110.