Computing the conditioning of the components of a linear least‐squares solution

In this paper, we address the accuracy of the results for the overdetermined full rank linear least‐squares problem. We recall theoretical results obtained in (SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 2007; 29 (2):413–433) on conditioning of the least‐squares solution and the components of the solution when the matrix perturbations are measured in Frobenius or spectral norms. Then we define computable estimates for these condition numbers and we interpret them in terms of statistical quantities when the regression matrix and the right‐hand side are perturbed. In particular, we show that in the classical linear statistical model, the ratio of the variance of one component of the solution by the variance of the right‐hand side is exactly the condition number of this solution component when only perturbations on the right‐hand side are considered. We explain how to compute the variance–covariance matrix and the least‐squares conditioning using the libraries LAPACK (LAPACK Users' Guide (3rd edn). SIAM: Philadelphia, 1999) and ScaLAPACK (ScaLAPACK Users' Guide. SIAM: Philadelphia, 1997) and we give the corresponding computational cost. Finally we present a small historical numerical example that was used by Laplace (Théorie Analytique des Probabilités. Mme Ve Courcier, 1820; 497–530) for computing the mass of Jupiter and a physical application if the area of space geodesy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Butterworth Window for Power Spectral Density Estimation

The power spectral density of a signal can be estimated most accurately by using a window with a narrow bandwidth and large sidelobe attenuation. Conventional windows generally control these characteristics by only one parameter, so there is a trade-off problem: if the bandwidth is reduced, the sidelobe attenuation is also reduced. To overcome this problem, we propose using a Butterworth window with two control parameters for power spectral density estimation and analyze its characteristics. Simulation results demonstrate that the sidelobe attenuation and the 3 dB bandwidth can be controlled independently. Thus, the trade-off problem between resolution and spectral leakage in the estimated power spectral density can be overcome.     

Gaussian-Hermite moment-based depth estimation from single still image for stereo vision

Depth information of objects plays a significant role in image-based rendering. Traditional depth estimation techniques use different visual cues including the disparity, motion, geometry, and defocus of objects. This paper presents a novel approach of focus cue-based depth estimation for still images using the Gaussian-Hermite moments (GHMs) of local neighboring pixels. The GHMs are chosen due to their superior reconstruction ability and invariance properties to intensity and geometric distortions of objects as compared to other moments. Since depths of local neighboring pixels are significantly correlated, the Laplacian matting is employed to obtain final depth map from the moment-based focus map. Experiments are conducted on images of indoor and outdoor scenes having objects with varying natures of resolution, edge, occlusion, and blur contents. Experimental results reveal that the depth estimated from GHMs can provide anaglyph images with stereo quality better than that provided by existing methods using traditional visual cues.     

Image Independent Driving Power Reduction for High Frame Rate LCD Televisions

In this letter, the constant driving power reduction ratio has been achieved for column drivers regardless of the input image by incorporating a new static power reduction scheme into the previous dynamic power reduction method. The measured power reduction ratio is around 50% for a 120 Hz liquid crystal display panel in such cases of still input video and fallback.     

High power impulse magnetron sputtered p-type γ-titanium monoxide films: Effects of substrate bias and post-annealing on microstructure characteristics and optoelectrical properties

In view of wide potential use as p-type oxide semiconductor of titanium monoxide (TiO), it is deposited in this work by using high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS), which is known to provide less hysteresis effect in reactive sputtering and better control in stoichiometry. A strong correlation among the preparation parameters on the microstructure and optoelectrical characteristics of the obtained Ti-O films are investigated.Experimental results show that the crystallinic cubic γ-TiO can be directly grown on unheated glass substrate. In regard to the effects of substrate bias and post-annealing, the as-grown γ-TiO transfers into rutile (R-TiO₂) at a critical substrate bias voltage of −125 V or post-annealing temperature of 500 °C. For the purpose of p-type channel layer in transistor, the optimum γ-TiO film exhibiting a high hole mobility of 8.2 cm²/V s is grown at the substrate bias voltage of −25 V and followed by the post-annealing at 400 °C.     

On holographic reconstruction without reference: Application to machinery noise and comparison with multi-reference holography approach

This article presents the implementation and application, to two complex machines, of two holography methods called CIBNAH (Complex Intensity Based Near-field Acoustic Holography) and MRNAH (Multi Reference Near-field Acoustic Holography) based on residual spectra. The first is a newly developed method that uses complex sound intensity as its basis and hence bypasses the need for reference signals. Here, several approaches are presented to validate both methods and to investigate each method’s advantages and limitations.     

A beam steering antenna for X-band high power applications

There is a considerable interest in the antennas which have high power handling capacity with beam steering functionality. The design of narrow side waveguide slot-array antenna for high power applications is introduced in this paper. An approach to achieve a uniform radiation slot waveguide antenna is presented. The large scale array antenna can be composed of such antenna cells. Moreover, it is possible to realize beam steering in the azimuth direction by adjusting the broad wall dimension of the waveguide. Besides, this slot waveguide antenna is expected to have high power handling capacity in vacuum environment, because there is no dielectric or electric field enhancement inside the antenna.     

Pseudo‐R 2’s in the ordinal probit model*

This paper presents an analysis of the combining mechanism for status information postulated by the mathematical formulation of the theory of status characteristics and expectation states. Six lemmas on the basic features of the combining mechanism are derived from the formulation and discussed. Further, four theorems that illustrate the implications of the particular combining mechanism for power and prestige orders are presented and proven.     

Steady-state analysis of a complex adaptive notch filter using modified gradient algorithm

Based on power spectral density (PSD) analytical technique, mean square error (MSE) (or variance) of the frequency estimate of a first-order complex adaptive IIR notch filter (ANF) using modified complex plain gradient (MCPG) algorithm is investigated in this paper. The steady-state expression for MSE is derived in closed form. A quantitative analysis for the estimation MSE has been carried out. It has been revealed that the MSE of frequency estimate is independent of an input frequency of a complex sinusoid. In addition, computer simulations are treated to corroborate the theoretical analysis and the relationships between MSE and system parameters are shown.     

大功率4K脉管制冷机模拟和实验研究

提高液氦温区脉管制冷机的制冷量对于冷却超导磁体和氦液化具有重要意义。本文将已成功应用于单级脉管制冷机和4 K G-M制冷机模拟的回热器模拟软件REGEN用于液氦温区脉管制冷机二级回热器的模拟。计算结果显示,脉管制冷机在4.2 K的制冷量一定程度上随着二级质量流量的增加而增大。在此基础上,我们在实验中采用不同质量流量的压...