重金属铊在环境介质中的分布及其迁移行为

铊是剧毒重金属元素,它在自然界中是典型的稀有分散金属。环境介质中铊的自然本底值较低,但随着铊矿床的开发和铊资源的广泛应用,岩矿石中的铊在自然力或人为作用下向环境介质中迁移。综述了铊在岩（矿）石、土壤、水体、动植物和人体中的分布,以及在上述环境介质及大气中的迁移行为。研究表明,人类活动是导致环境介质中铊含量增加的主要原因。铊在环境介质中的迁移是反复循环的复杂过程,通过风化、溶解、淋滤、吸收、沉降、固结等方式在环境介质中循环往复,从而危害环境生态和人体健康。铊污染应引起人们的普遍重视。     

Lichens as biomonitors for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Caracas Valley,Venezuela

Biomonitoring of PAH air pollution using lichens was carried out. Sixteen PAHs were studied in 11 locations along the valley of Caracas (Venezuela). The results of this work indicate that 14 of the 16 analysed PAHs were highly accumulated into the lichen thalli of Pyxine coralligera Malme. PAH levels in the samples revealed that the several volatile PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphtylene, acenaphtene, and fluoranthene) have the highest levels in the majority of the studied locations. The fluoranthene/pyrene and phenantrene/antracene ratios suggested that the major sources of PAHs are anthropogenic, mainly associated with gasoline and diesel combustion (pyrolytic) and unburnt oil derivates (petrogenic). The total PAH concentrations obtained in the present study were in the range of 0.24 to 9.08?µg/g, similar to those reported by other works in European and Asian cities.     

Black fungus derived aerogel with double faced properties

Black fungus aerogel (BFA) exhibited interesting double-faced properties. Weexplored the diverse properties of each side of the black fungus in three aspects:water contact angle measurements, liquid selective absorption capacity and air pollutant adsorption abilities.     

双子表面活性剂研究进展和应用

双子表面活性剂是一类新型的表面活性剂,它是由联结基团通过化学键将两个或多个单体表面活性剂连接在一起,由此产生优异的表面活性等一系列的性质,从而获得了广泛的应用.本文就它的合成进展及在生物技术、抗病毒、环境保护、新材料制备等方面的应用作一介绍。     

Styrene-PEG (600) DMA Crosslinked Polymers for Absorption of Oil Derivatives

In this work, styrene (St) based crosslinked polymers were prepared for removal of oil derivatives from aqueous solutions. Polyethylene glycol (600) dimethacrylate (PEG (600) DMA) was used as crosslinker in synthesis of styrene based crosslinked polymers, for the first time. The polymers were characterized by FTIR, SEM, elemental analysis and solvent (toluene, chloroform and fuel-oil) absorption capacities. The effects of different reaction parameters like crosslinker type, diluents amount and the presence of pore forming agent on the absorption properties of polymers were investigated. The polymers synthesized by using PEG (600) DMA have higher solvent absorption capacity than that of synthesized by using conventional crosslinker. Furthermore, the polymers synthesized in the presence of good diluents have higher absorption capacities. The addition of pore forming agent into the reaction medium has also improved the absorption rate of polymers. The absorption capacity of polymers in different solvents is in order of chloroform > toluene > fuel-oil. It was seen that oil derivatives can be removed efficiently from water by the St-PEG (600) DMA polymers.     

富Mn鸢尾生物炭的制备及在类Fenton体系中的应用

通过在N₂气氛围下热裂解富集Mn的鸢尾可得到Mn/生物炭(BC)材料, 并按植物叶(Leaf)和根部(Root)分别将其分别命名为BC-L0, BC-L1, BC-L2, BC-R0, BC-R1和BC-R2. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 能谱分析(EDS)仪、 X射线衍射(XRD)仪、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 原子吸收光谱(AAS)和比表面积分析(BET)仪等对Mn/生物炭材料的Mn含量、 化学组成与形貌进行了表征, 发现鸢尾叶部为Mn主要富集部位, 最大富集量为13.0 mg/g, 且Mn以Mn₂O₃薄片存在于生物炭表面. 利用Mn/生物炭与H₂O₂构建了类Fenton体系, 在中性条件下BC-L2-H₂O₂体系对有机污染物罗丹明B(RhB, 3×10 ^-5 mol/L)的降解率达到50%(180 min), 表明该体系具备氧化去除RhB的能力, 并推测了该体系对RhB的催化氧化机理. 结果表明, 先将Mn超富集植物转化为Mn/生物炭材料, 再通过添加H₂O₂能构建具有氧化能力的类Fenton体系, 可用于对有机污染物的降解, 实现“以废治废”的绿色循环思路, 为Mn富集的植物后续处理提供一种新的转化及应用方式.     

微量元素锡与健康

随着经济的发展，锡及其化合物越来越多地用于现代生活。综述了锡对人体健康的影响，包括：锡的性质、存在，环境污染、抗癌作用以及毒性等方面。     

清洁生产——环境战略的新认识

清洁生产自80 年代末在美国等发达国家提出以后, 得到国际社会的普遍响应, 成为一种环保潮流, 被认为是环境战略由被动反应转向主动行动的一个转折点。污染控制系统具有很大的局限性, 不仅消耗了大量能源和资源, 而且无法解决目前面临的全球性环境问题; 清洁生产强调源削减, 比较好地解决了经济和环境持续、协调发展问题。本文系统地介绍了清洁生产的起源和发展, 通过与污染控制系统的对比, 论述清洁生产战略的重要意义。     

光伏太阳能电池生产过程中的污染问题

日益壮大的光伏产业正在为人类发展作出积极的贡献.采用光伏发电来代替传统的发电技术,将会减少89%的空气污染.然而,在这个倡导绿色环境的时代,光伏器件生产引起的环境、健康和安全（EHS）问题也日益引起社会各界的广泛关注.认清光伏产品在生产过程中污染的真相对维持光伏产业的可持续发展有着相当重要的意义.本文综述了常见太阳能电池的EHS问题,并提出了可以减少污染的有效途径;采用生命周期评估（LCA）方法进一步比较了各种太阳能电池生产过程中污染物的排放量数据.