Scaling properties of fracture surfaces on glass strengthened by ionic exchange

In this work the results of the statistical topometric analysis of fracture surfaces of soda-lime-silica glass with and without ionic exchange treatment are reported. In this case, the mechanism of substitution is K⁺-Na⁺. atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to record the topometric data from the fracture surface. The roughness exponent (ζ) and the correlation length (ξ) were calculated by the variable bandwidth method. The analysis for both glasses (subjected and non-subjected to ionic exchange) for ζ shows a value ∼0.8, this value agrees well with that reported in the literature for rapid crack propagation in a variety of materials. The correlation length shows different values for each condition. These results, along with those of microhardness indentations suggest that the self-affine correlation length is influenced by the complex interactions of the stress field of microcracks with that resulting from the collective behavior of the point defects introduced by the strengthening mechanism of ionic exchange.     

电子显微学在结构生物学研究中的新进展

电子显微学是结构生物学的重要分支，已经成为一种公认的研究生物大分子、超分子复合体及亚细胞结构的有力手段。本文先回顾了近期电子显微学在技术上的新进展，后概述了生物电子显微学的三个组成部分——电子晶体学，单颗粒技术，电子断层成像术的基本原理，技术方法与研究现状。最后，对电子显微学与其他结构生物学研究手段的结合以及电子显微学的未来发展做了简单的展望。     

镍铬合金在酸性CuCl2溶液中反应机理

对铜在酸性CuCl_2溶液中蚀刻反应机理论述,利用氧化-还原电动势原理,详细论述了Ni80Cr20合金在酸性CuCl_2溶液中化学蚀刻反应机理,以及影响蚀刻速度的因素,并对溶液中金属离子的存在形式作了验证。     

荧光共焦显微术与多光子显微术的差别

共焦显微术和多光子显微术因其可以对厚的生物样品实现光学断层成像，因而在生物医学等领域具有广泛的应用前景，本文详细综述了共焦显微术和多光子显微术在成像原理及特性等方面的差别，在此基础上，讨论了每种显微术各自的优点、局限性及应用前景。     

Heterogeneous photobleaching in confocal microscopy

Photobleaching was studied during recording of confocal scanning laser microscopy. Studies on fluorescent gels of FITC-labeled dextran were used to evaluate differential bleaching along thez-axis. Differential bleaching along the z-axis was observed and it was seen that this was related to the numerical aperture of the objective in use. This points to the conclusion that photon energy flux density is an important parameter in photobleaching. To check if photon energy flux density heterogeneity is affected by local variation in the refractive index of the sample, photobleaching rates were calculated for different fluorescent objects (sections of seeds, animal cells stained with nuclear stains, immunocytochemistry preparations) and a pronounced similarity was found between photobleaching rates and DIC images.     

Low temperature delamination of plastic encapsulated microcircuits

Plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) are increasingly being used in applications requiring operation at temperatures lower than the manufacturer’s recommended minimum temperature, which is 0°C for commercial grade components and −40°C for industrial and automotive grade components. To characterize the susceptibility of PEMs to delamination at these extreme low temperatures, packages with different geometries, encapsulated in both biphenyl and novolac molding compounds, were subjected to up to 500 thermal cycles with minimum temperatures in the range −40 to −65°C in both the moisture saturated and baked conditions. Scanning acoustic microscopy revealed there was a negligible increase in delamination at the die-to-encapsulant interface after thermal cycling for the 84 lead PQFPs encapsulated in novolac and for both 84 lead PQFPs and 14 lead PDIPs encapsulated in biphenyl molding compound. Only the 14 lead novolac PDIPs exhibited increased delamination. Moisture exposure had a significant effect on the creation of additional delamination.     

离心力场作用下多孔介质中强制对流换热的研究

对离心流化床中空气通过多孔物料层的强制对流换热进行了理论和实验研究。获得了气流和物料间强制对流换热的准则关联式。研究结果表明,在气流速度和温度梯度方向一致的条件下,强制对流换热比通常的边界层强制对流换热有所强化,其换热的准则关联式具有 Nu=CRePr的线性形式。从而验证了改变气流方向和热流密度矢量之间夹角可以强化换热的这一强化传热新原理。     

On a stochastic nonlinear equation in one-dimensional viscoelasticity

In this paper we discuss an initial-boundary value problem for a stochastic nonlinear equation arising in one-dimensional viscoelasticity. We propose to use a new direct method to obtain a solution. This method is expected to be applicable to a broad class of nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations.

     

原子力显微镜在生物物理领域的新应用

介绍了原子力显微镜在生物物理领域的最新应用:蛋白质去折叠、DNA拉伸、生物膜受力,通过分析实验得到的力谱,可以获取关于蛋白质、DNA、生物膜结构信息.原子力显微镜不仅能反映测量体系的力学性质,由于其具有独特的时间、空间分辨及实时成像,因而能提供更多信息.     

Germanium growth on Br-terminated Si(1 0 0)

The consequences of Ge deposition on Br-terminated Si(1 0 0) were studied with scanning tunneling microscopy at ambient temperature after annealing at 650 K. One monolayer of Br was sufficient to prevent the formation of Ge huts beyond the critical thickness of 3 ML. This is possible because Br acts as a surfactant whose presence lowered the diffusivity of Ge adatoms. Hindered mobility was manifest at low coverage through the formation of short Ge chains. Further deposition resulted in the extension and connection of the Ge chains and gave rise to the buildup of incomplete layers. The deposition of 7 ML of Ge resulted in a rough surface characterized by irregularly shaped clusters. A short 800 K anneal desorbed the Br and allowed Ge atoms to reorganize into the more energetically favorable “hut” structures produced by conventional Ge overlayer growth on Si(1 0 0).