A two-step procedure for the preparation of mono-protected bis-N-heterocyclic alkyl ether systems

A two-step convenient sequence for the synthesis of previously inaccessible mono-Boc-protected bis-N-heterocyclic alkyl substituted ether derivatives 4 is described. Mitsunobu protocol was applied to the preparation of pyridinyl ether precursor 5. The reduction of the electron rich pyridinyl system 5 has been achieved catalytically using the combination of PtO₂-H₂SO₄ or PtO₂-pTsOH under a hydrogen atmosphere maintained by a gas balloon at ambient temperature.     

Enantioselective synthesis of (+)-anatoxin-a via enyne metathesis

A concise synthesis of the potent nAChR agonist (+)-anatoxin-a (1) has been completed by a series of nine chemical operations and in 27% overall yield from commercially available d-methyl pyroglutamate (12). The strategy featured the application of a new protocol for the diastereoselective synthesis of cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines bearing unsaturated side chains and an intramolecular enyne metathesis to provide the bridged bicyclic framework of 1. Thus, d-methyl pyroglutamate (12) was converted in five steps to 32, which underwent facile enyne metathesis to deliver the bicyclic diene 33. Selective oxidative cleavage of the less substituted carbon-carbon double bond in 33 followed by deprotection furnished (+)-anatoxin-a (1).     

Structure elucidation and stereoselective total synthesis of pavettamine, the causal agent of gousiekte

The structure elucidation of a novel natural product pavettamine (1), the causal agent of the plant toxicosis gousiekte, is reported. The structure was defined by analysis of NMR and MS data and the relative configuration followed from the ¹³C NMR data of the acetonide derivative. The absolute stereochemistry was established by total synthesis from (2S)-malic acid using chiral sulfoxide methodology as (2S,4R,8R,10S)-1,11-diamino-6-aza-undecane-2,4,8,10-tetraol.     

Highly diastereoselective synthesis of 2-substituted-1,3-diols catalyzed by ketoreductases

The stereoselective reduction of α-substituted-β-hydroxy ketones for the preparation of the corresponding optically pure 2-monosubstituted or 2-disubstituted-1,3-diols is described. These transformations proceed in high optical purities and yields. Ketoreductases were able to catalyze the formation of either the syn or the anti diol, depending on the enzyme. By replacing the α-alkyl substituent for an OAc moiety, in low conversion time (≤24 h), ketoreductases catalyzed the formation of the OAc-protected 1,2,3-triol, in high yield and with high optical purity (>99% de, >99% ee). This is a simple and highly stereoselective method for the synthesis of different diastereomers of chiral diols.     

Reversible and Selective CO2 to HCO2− Electrocatalysis near the Thermodynamic Potential

Reversible catalysis is a hallmark of energy‐efficient chemical transformations, but can only be achieved if the changes in free energy of intermediate steps are minimized and the catalytic cycle is devoid of high transition‐state barriers. Using these criteria, we demonstrate reversible CO₂/HCO₂^? conversion catalyzed by [Pt(depe)₂]²⁺ (depe=1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane). Direct measurement of the free energies associated with each catalytic step correctly predicts a slight bias towards CO₂ reduction. We demonstrate how the experimentally measured free energy of each step directly contributes to the <50 mV overpotential. We also find that for CO₂ reduction, H₂ evolution is negligible and the Faradaic efficiency for HCO₂^? production is nearly quantitative. A free‐energy analysis reveals H₂ evolution is endergonic, providing a thermodynamic basis for highly selective CO₂ reduction.     

NH4F对NH3低温选择性催化还原NO的影响研究

制备了一种新的氟掺杂氧化钒/氧化钛催化剂,探讨了掺杂模式、制备方法对低温SCR活性的影响.结果显示,在120~240℃反应温度下,由溶胶法制得的氟掺杂于钒(F-V)模式下的催化活性最佳,通过与未掺杂催化剂(COM)对比可知,在210℃时,氟掺杂催化剂的活性提高了35%,并于240℃时NO的脱除率达到了98.6%.通过X射线衍射试验(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面积测试(BET)、光电子能谱分析(XPS)以及H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)等表征技术显示氟掺杂引起催化剂SCR活性提升主要与催化剂活性成分的良好分散性、粒子尺寸减小、比表面积及孔容增大、更强的氧化还原能力有关.另外,通过试验研究表明,氟掺杂催化剂不仅提升了SCR活性,拓宽了活性温度范围,而且还增强了抗硫与抗水性能.     

Cu Nanoparticles Embedded in N‐Doped Carbon Materials for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Development of eco‐friendly, cost‐effective, and high‐performance electrocatalysts to replace precious metal platinum for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has received increasing attention. Herein, we adopt a facile one‐pot strategy to embed Cu nanoparticles onto N‐doped carbon‐graphene (Cu@NC‐700). The Cu@NC‐700 exhibits robust and efficient ORR catalysis with positive half‐wave potential (~0.86 V vs. RHE) and low Tafel slope (33.9 mV?dec^–1) in 0.1 M KOH solution. Meanwhile, it manifests remarkable electrochemical stability, and strong tolerance to methanol crossover and carbon monoxide poisoning. The synergistic effect between Cu‐N‐C sites, Cu nanoparticles, and N‐doped carbon support speeds up ORR electrocatalysis.     

Dissolved organic matter-mediated reduction of ionic Au(III) to elemental Au nanoparticles and their growth to visible granules

The biogeochemical transformation of gold (Au), i.e. its dissolution and re-precipitation, is critical in supergene transport of Au and formation of Au granules. Besides biogenic reduction, the formation Au granules can also be driven by chemical processes. Previous studies have showed the formation of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) from ionic Au(III) can be mediated by dissolved organic matter under sunlight. In this letter, we further demonstrated that these AuNPs can further slowly (in years) grow into visible Au granules. Different sized nano-flower and fractal dendrite-like branched gold structures (from tens of nanometres to over 100 μm) were observed in the Au granule sample. This growth of AuNPs into visible Au granules may play a critical role in the supergene mineralization and enrichment of secondary Au and drive the biogeochemical cycle of Au.     

基于流动池的电化学二氧化碳还原研究进展

采用电化学方法将二氧化碳（CO₂）还原转化为基础化学品或碳基燃料是目前极具前景的碳资源利用新方式. 考虑到该技术未来的发展方向和大规模应用需求,人们亟需开发具有高转化效率和高稳定性的电解设备. 在本文中,作者详细介绍了现阶段发展的两种流动池的结构特点及性能优势,阐述了每种反应体系的内在局限性, 深入分析了整个反应体系所用组件（电解池、气体扩散电极、离子交换膜）对于性能的影响. 最后,针对目前该领域存在的挑战及未来发展趋势进行了总结与展望.     

层状复合氧化物La4BaCu5-xMxO13+λ的制备、表征及对CO还原NO的活性

 采用柠檬酸爆炸法合成了系列层状钙钛矿型复合氧化物La4BaCu5-xMxO13+λ(M=Mn, Co; x=0~5)催化剂. 用TPD, TPR和化学分析法对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂在CO还原NO中的催化活性.结果表明,掺杂Mn, Co后催化剂中的活性氧含量及氧化还原性质发生了变化. 掺杂少量Mn, Co可使催化剂在CO还原NO中的催化活性明显提高,且掺杂Co的样品比掺杂Mn的样品活性提高更明显.这是由于Cu-Mn与Cu-Co之间的协同作用不同导致的结果.