Carbon Dots and Stability of Their Optical Properties

Carbon dots (CDs) are a new class of materials which have been extensively studied due to their unique optical properties, low toxicity, and abundance of raw materials to synthesize them. In this minireview, it is highlighted that the stability of the optical properties of CDs is an important aspect that has received very little attention. While CDs are usually considered to be photostable, several recent reports show they are prone to photobleaching. Studies of blinking, photobleaching, and photoswitching of CDs are reviewed here. It is noted that there is a lack of systematic studies about the photostability of CDs, and efforts are needed to further study this aspect. Furthermore, it is observed that the stability of CDs is somewhat related to their photoluminescence quantum yield, excitation dependence of PL emission, precursor, and synthesis method used to produce CDs.     

血浆溶液中竹红菌乙素和2-牛磺酸修饰的竹红菌乙素的光漂白

光动力学疗法是应用光敏剂受激光激发后对靶体产生光化学作用来治疗病变。光漂白是光动力学治疗过程中普遍现象，在光动力疗法治疗血管类疾病中，光敏剂与血浆中的生物分子相互作用及其在血管中的光漂白行为直接关系到治疗效果。本文考察了HB和THB与血浆的作用和在血浆溶液中的光漂白过程，研究表明在富氧条件下，以单重态氧漂白为主；在有血浆生物分子溶液中光产物与水溶液中的光产物不同。研究表明光敏剂的结构和氧化电位导致了它们不同的光漂白机制，HB和THB与生物分子的相互作用加速了它们光漂白并影响了光产物。     

Gel‐Like Structure of a Hexadecyl Derivative of Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide with viscoelastic and mechanical properties that are crucial for the normal functioning of osteoarticular junctions. It is demonstrated that introduction of a hexadecyl side chain into HA yields an injectable polysaccharide capable of forming physical hydrogels, which are stable at very low polymer concentrations, whereas native hyaluronic acid forms viscous solutions at concentrations that are ten times higher. Characterization of this system showed that the driving force for its gel‐like behavior is the occurrence of hydrophobic interactions involving aliphatic side chains, despite the low degree of substitution, as confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations of HYADD4 and HA hydrogels.

     

光漂白法制备聚合物PMMA/DR1啁啾光栅波导透镜

本文分析了一种平面波导啁啾光栅的透镜性质。并在旁轴近似条件下求出了这种光栅透镜的焦距。首次采用了光漂白方法在PMMA／DR1平面波导上制备出了啁啾光栅，从实验上观测了这种啁啾光栅对衍射光的透镜效应。     

非扫描衰减全反射探测法监控光漂白过程

提出了一种基于衰减全反射原理的实时探测方法。其实验框架由半导体激光器、空间滤波器、聚焦透镜、耦合棱镜、CCD接受装置等组成。激光束先经空间滤波器扩束，再由透镜聚焦，以一定角宽度的光束聚焦于耦合棱镜底面，由于棱镜底面的波导结构，在反射光斑中会出现若干条吸收峰，即显示出标志波导模式的一组黑线，若外界条件变化时(如紫外光照射、电极化等)，波导薄膜某些参量会受外界条件的变化而变化，表现为黑线的移动，可根据黑线的移动量，精确测量每一时刻波导薄膜的折射率和膜厚等参量。利用这种技术，可以广泛地用于条波导制作、镀膜监控、薄膜极化监控、工业气体浓度监控等领域。     

The Effect of High Intensity UV Irradiation on Color Behavior of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

A detailed study of color change in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sheets due to high intensity ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was undertaken, focusing on the first 50 h of change. Color changes were monitored with a Datacolor check spectrophotometer and compared with a set of controls. Measurements were taken after 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 h of irradiation, then at 10 h intervals for the next 40 h. Further measurements were conducted at 100, 240, and 480 h. Data were analyzed using the reflectance spectra (350–800 nm) as well as the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) L* a* b* color values (L*, a*, and b* are lightness value, redness-greenness value, and yellowness-blueness value, respectively) and the total color change (ΔE). The majority of color changes were found to occur within the first 50 h. After 50 h, the color change slowed and began to reverse toward 480 h. Surface microstructure properties, such as morphology, surface tension and oxidized products, were characterized to allow a comparison of sensitivity between the color monitoring methods and a comprehensive understanding of the color change. The results show that color evolution was attributable to the competition between the formations of polyene sequences (dehydrochlorination reaction) and their subsequent oxidation (photobleaching), which was slightly different from the behavior under a xenon arc lamp. According to the color behavior and the microstructure analysis a general scheme accounting for the mechanism of ageing behavior of PVC under high intensity UV irradiation is proposed.     

应用FRAP技术评价蛋白在聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸凝胶中的扩散行为

药物分子从药物载体中的释放行为与载体的结构有密切关系.本实验中采用丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸等材料,运用水相沉淀的方法,制备了4种不同单体配比的聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸(P(Am-co-Ac))共聚物水凝胶.运用红外分析方法对P(Am-co-Ac)组成进行表征.使用荧光漂白恢复法(FRAP,fluorescence recovery after photobleaching)观察荧光素FITC标记的牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸中的扩散行为,并以激光共聚焦显微镜进行实时成像.实验表明,FITC-BSA在不同单体配比的共聚物中的扩散系数是不同的.通过调节聚合物中单体的配比能够达到控制蛋白释放速率的作用,从而为调控蛋白和多肽类药物的缓控释放提供了可能性.     

一种耐光漂白的碳菁型pH荧光探针的合成与细胞成像

设计合成了一种引入多个氯原子取代的耐光漂白的碳菁型pH荧光探针(CyCl4), 在500 nm波长光的激发下, 该探针具有530和596 nm两个波长的荧光峰, 其中的596 nm荧光峰在pH 8.5环境中具有最高的荧光信号值, 在pH<8.1和>9.8的条件下则荧光很弱, 通过密度泛函方法计算这三种荧光状态分别对应的三种构象结构A, B和C, 而结构B中的两个磺酸基构成分子内氢键而具有共面性几何构型, 共轭程度最好, 因而其荧光发射能力最强. 测量了该探针的荧光量子产率、瞬态荧光光谱和耐光漂白性能, 其耐光漂白性能强于一般染料型荧光探针. 最后将该探针应用于前列腺癌活细胞荧光成像, 并发现其在细胞膜表面的聚集现象.     

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察近紫外线辐射对兔晶体上皮细胞通讯功能的影响

目的:通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜荧光漂白恢复技术观察近紫外线对兔晶状体上皮细胞缝隙连接通讯功能的影响。方法:体外培养兔晶状体上皮细胞,设置空白阴性对照,分为对照组和实验组,分别以近紫外线辐射5分钟,10分钟和15分钟,用荧光光漂白恢复技术检测细胞的荧光恢复率。结果:空白对照组荧光恢复率为57.357±5.610,照射5分钟,10分钟和15分钟近紫外线辐射后的荧光恢复率分别为(%)34.205±3.652,18.909±3.017,7.129±2.917。结论:近紫外线损伤可以导致晶状体上皮细胞间通讯功能的受损。