卤化银乳剂微晶体的结构与性能研究 Ⅶ.切角立方体乳剂微晶体的核壳复合结构

本工作应用双注仪制备了一系列不同碘含量的切角立方体核壳乳剂,用紫外光度法测定了它们的光吸收,用介电损耗法和微波光导法分别测定了它们的离子电导及光电导。结果表明,乳剂微晶体的光吸收和离子电导率都随着碘含量的增加而增加,光电导也随碘含量增加而增大,光电子衰减遵循二级反应动力学过程。碘的引入以及立方体切角使立方体乳剂微晶体的感光性能成倍地增长。     

Radical Reactivity of the Biradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)2P⋅] and Isolation of a Persistent Phosphorus-Cantered Monoradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)2P-Et]

The activation of C−Br bonds in various bromoalkanes by the biradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)₂P⋅] ( 1 ) (Ter=2,6-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-phenyl) is reported, yielding trans-addition products of the type [Br−P(μ-NTer)₂P−R] ( 2 ), so-called 1,3-substituted cyclo-1,3-diphospha-2,4-diazanes. This addition reaction, which represents a new easy approach to asymmetrically substituted cyclo-1,3-diphospha-2,4-diazanes, was investigated mechanistically by different spectroscopic methods (NMR, EPR, IR, Raman); the results suggested a stepwise radical reaction mechanism, as evidenced by the in-situ detection of the phosphorus-centered monoradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)₂P-R].< To provide further evidence for the radical mechanism, [⋅P(μ-NTer)₂P-Et] ( 3Et ⋅) was synthesized directly by reduction of the bromoethane addition product [Br-P(μ-NTer)₂P-Et] ( 2 a ) with magnesium, resulting in the formation of the persistent phosphorus-centered monoradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)₂P-Et], which could be isolated and fully characterized, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Comparison of the EPR spectrum of the radical intermediate in the addition reaction with that of the synthesized new [⋅P(μ-NTer)₂P-Et] radical clearly proves the existence of radicals over the course of the reaction of biradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)₂P⋅] ( 1 ) with bromoethane. Extensive DFT and coupled cluster calculations corroborate the experimental data for a radical mechanism in the reaction of biradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)₂P⋅] with EtBr. In the field of hetero-cyclobutane-1,3-diyls, the demonstration of a stepwise radical reaction represents a new aspect and closes the gap between P-centered biradicals and P-centered monoradicals in terms of radical reactivity.     

Dye Sensitization Offers a Brighter Afterglow Nanoparticle Future for in vivo Recharged Luminescent Imaging

While concerns about improving recharged afterglow intensity in vivo still motivate further exploration, afterglow nanoparticles (AGNP) offer unique optical merit for autofluorescence-free biological imaging. Apart from efforts enhancing the afterglow emission properties of AGNP, improving afterglow excitation response to visible or near infrared light is important but has lacked success. Dye sensitization has been used to improve the optical response of photovoltaic nanomaterials and to enhance upconversion luminescence efficiency. This concept has recently been expanded and applied to AGNPs. As a new multifunctional nanoprobe, such dye-sensitized AGNP takes advantage of both high spatial resolution fluorescence imaging and sensitive afterglow imaging. This Concept introduces the background, the concept, mechanism, and related imaging application, as well as reviewing existing challenges and proposing future developmental directions for the dye-sensitized AGNPs.     

Persistent Currents and Edge States in a Quasi-One-Dimensional Mesoscopic Ring with a Screened Interaction

The effect ofthe edge state on the persistent current in quasi-1D mesoscopic rings with a screened interactionwhich exists only between nearest-neighboring particles is studied with the Hartree-Fock approximation. The theoreticalvalue of the current magnitude is greatly enhanced by both the edge state and the Coulomb interaction, and pinningthe electrons into a lattice is good for the enhancement if screening happens. In high dimensional systems the screeningeffect can make the interacting range show anisotropy, and create a tendency of gathering for particles with a repulsivepotential.     

我国典型电子垃圾拆解地持久性有毒化学污染物污染现状

电子垃圾拆解所引起的环境问题已经受到广泛关注,根据联合国环境规划署统计,全球约70%的电子垃圾通过各种途径进入我国,而我国自身也产生大量的电子垃圾。我国电子垃圾拆解活动采用的工艺较为原始,位于广东的贵屿和浙江的台州是我国最大的两个电子垃圾拆解地,拆解过程中电子垃圾本身含有和不当处置所产生的大量持久性有毒化学污染物(如重金属、二 NFDA1 英类、溴代阻燃剂等)释放到环境中,对拆解地生态系统及居民健康造成严重的威胁。本文重点针对我国电子垃圾拆解所造成的持久性有毒污染物(PTS)污染现状、管理措施和法规、拆解区居民所面临的持久性有毒污染物暴露健康风险及其相关研究最新进展进行了分析和概括,并对电子垃圾拆解区域持久性有毒污染物及新型环境污染物研究和发展方向作了展望。     

δ势垒对多臂量子环中持续电流的影响

提出了中臂弯曲的多臂量子环模型,且是上臂最短和下臂最长的不等臂量子环.研究发现：总磁通为零时,持续电流随半导体环增大发生非周期性振荡,并与电极的磁矩方向及隧穿电子的自旋方向相关,下臂因为最长而获得最小的平均持续电流.AB磁通增强时,持续电流会发生周期性振荡,各臂之间明显出现相互制约的现象.各臂持续电流之间的差异与臂长和磁通分布相关,Rashba自旋轨道耦合具有改变持续电流相位和相位差的效应.在一定条件下,两种波函数所对应的持续电流是可分离的.     

波段外激光辐照PC型探测器的反常响应机制

提出了PC型半导体探测器对波段外激光辐照的热电子光电导响应机制。响应波段外激光辐照PC型半导体探测器时,探测器有响应且输出电压信号迅速增大,与波段内激光辐照时的响应规律截然不同,这是由光激发能带内热电子而引起的光电导现象。当较强功率的激光辐照时还应考虑热效应。依据该机制进行了模拟计算,计算结果表明当PC型HgCdTe探测器被波段外激光辐照时,热电子的产生使得电导率减小,进而导致探测器的电阻增大。     

非晶碲镉汞薄膜的暗电导与光电导

This paper reports the dark conductivity and photoconductivity of amorphous Hg_(0.78)Cd_(0.22)Te thin films deposited on an Al_2O_3 substrate by RF magnetron sputtering.It is determined that dark conduction activation energy is 0.417 eV for the as-grown sample.Thermal quenching is absent for the as-grown sample during the testing temperature zone,but the reverse is true for the polycrystalline sample.Photosensitivity shows the maximum at 240 K for amorphous thin films,while it is higher for the as-grown ...