芹菜、草莓基质对甲胺磷等4种有机磷农药测定的影响

研究芹菜、草莓基质对甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果、毒死蜱4种有机磷农药检测的影响。利用样品基质溶液配制标准样品,对比草莓、芹菜样品、丙酮溶液中4种农药的保留时间、峰形、峰面积。结果发现DB–5MS色谱柱上,丙酮溶液、芹菜基质、草莓基质中甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果色谱峰出峰时间不完全重合,保留时间最大漂移0.1 min。丙酮溶剂、芹菜基质较草莓基质中的甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果更容易出现峰拖尾现象,且芹菜基质溶液中相同浓度的甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷峰面积分别约是草莓基质溶液中的75%,90%。毒死蜱的保留时间、峰形、响应面积在草莓基质、芹菜基质、丙酮溶液中基本一样。     

Optochemical Sensor for Ammonia Based on a Lipophilized pH Indicator in a Hydrophobic Matrix

Abstract

An optical sensor for the determination of ammonia in water based on ion pairing has been investigated. A pH-sensitive dye is immobilized as an ion pair in a silicone matrix. The colour of the dye changes from yellow to blue depending on the concentration of ammonia in the sample solution. This change is reversible. The concentration of ammonia can be determined by measuring the transmittance at a given wavelength.

All measurements were performed with a dual-beam optical meter. The measurement range was from 5.9 × 10^?7 to 1 × 10^?3 M (0.01 to 17 mg/l) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 8. The detection limit was 10 μg/l. The response times at a flow rate of 2.5 ml/min were 4 min for t₉₀ and 10 min for t₁₀₀ at a change from 41.9 to 82.5 μM ammonia and 12 min for t₉₀ and 48 min for t₁₀₀ at a change from 160 to 0 μM ammonia. The operational lifetime of the ammonia sensor was limited to a period of a few days only. A continuous decrease in baseline signal and relative signal change was observed over the whole measurement. The storage stability was more than 10 months (dry). With respect to possible application of the ammonia sensor to environmental analysis, the influence of pH, typical interferences, such as amines and various detergents on the sensor response was investigated. No interference due to pH was observed in the range from pH 5 to pH 9. With methyl- and ethylamine the response was not completely reversible. The sensor was affected by cationic detergents, but not by anionic or neutral detergents.     

水面舰艇编队的最佳防空队形探讨

最佳防御队形以编队对来袭导弹的可探测面积尽可能大为前提,并以"抗饱和攻击能力"为衡量标准.各方向的可拦截批次受两方面因素限制:一是来袭导弹被发现时其与指挥舰的距离,一般距离越大,防御准备就越充分,可拦截批次就越大;二是护卫舰到来袭导弹轨迹的距离,一般距离越小,单次拦截时间就越短,可拦截批次就越大.定义以概率1可拦截批次最小的方向为最危险方向,经计算初始队形各方向可拦截的批次不等,通过"削峰补谷"的方式予以均衡和优化.若以拦截批次的期望为标准,最危险方向与以概率1可拦截的批次为标准的结果相同.如果得到空中预警机的信息支援,在最危险方向上编队就可更早地对距离指挥舰148.4km远的导弹发起拦截,增大编队的抗饱和攻击能力,但由于防空导弹射程限制,预警机提供的信,息支援无法得到充分利用,此时限制编队抗饱和攻击能力的主要矛盾转向防空导弹的射程.     

二维胶体玻璃中玻色峰与结构无序度的关联

本文从实验上研究了胶体玻璃在相同面密度下随着体系结构无序程度的增加, 振动态密度和玻色峰的变化规律. 通过调制两种不同粒径的温敏性水凝胶的数量比来改变体系的无序程度. 通过分析无序体系的声子模式得到体系的振动特性. 研究发现, 随着无序度的增加, 态密度在低频区域增强、玻色峰增高、玻色峰的峰值向低频区域移动. 不同无序程度的样品引起玻色峰的低频声子模式都表现出准局域的特点, 且低频准局域声子模式与样品中无序结构存在关联.     

Kinetics Study of the Thermal Decomposition of Post-consumer Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) in an Argon Atmosphere

The thermal decomposition of post-consumer samples of a carbonated water bottle made of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PC-PET, was examined by linear temperature programing under an argon atmosphere to determine its mass loss kinetics. A simple kinetic model, called the first order pseudo single-component model, was used. The total weight-loss of each sample assumed to be in two periods, with each period corresponding to a one step decomposition of the PC-PET to volatiles. Three methods for determining the kinetic parameters by thermal gravimetric analysis were examined: differential analysis at a constant heating rate (differential), temperatures of a given conversion at a number of heating rates (isoconversional), and the maximum rate at multiple heating rates (peak temperature). The latter two multiple heating rates methods results were comparable to each other but they were not in agreement with the results from the differential method. The results of the differential method were insensitive to the heating rate and consistent with kinetics data reported in the literature for PET.     

基于广义二次互相关的低信噪比信号时延估计

针对时延估计精度受噪声影响,导致时延估计不准确的问题,在现有广义二次相关算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的广义二次相关算法,通过将二次相关函数先做指数运算,降低噪声干扰,再将傅里叶逆变换得到的相关函数做高次方运算,达到锐化峰值提高时延正确率的目的。仿真结果表明,信噪比(SNR)在0~10 dB时,改进算法的均方根误差明显优于广义二次相关算法,正确率相比于广义二次相关算法也显著提高,且在更低SNR的情况下仍然具有一定优势。     

Side-lobeless far-field spectrum of a short pulse from a circular aperture with Gaussian form of transmittance

The spectrum change of a Gaussian pulse in the far field is studied with the Fresnel diffraction integral when it is incident on an aperture with Gaussian form transmittance. It is found that the side-lobes of the diffracted spectral intensity, which exist in a normal circular aperture with unit transmittance, can be eliminated completely under such a condition. Also, the red shift and blue shift of the spectral intensity maximum of the incident pulse are presented.     

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3单晶紫外可见近红外光学性质

通过温度依赖的透射和反射光谱研究了在准同型相界附近的Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.3PbTiO_3(PMN-0.3PT)单晶光学性质.这种禁带宽度随温度范围不同变化规律不同现象,揭示了PMN-PT单晶温度依赖的复杂相结构.禁带宽度Eg在303 K是3.25 e V,临界点Ea是3.93 e V,临界点Eb是4.65 e V,它们随着温度的上升而下降,在453 K禁带宽度Eg是3.05 eV,临界点Ea是3.57 eV,临界点Eb是4.56 eV.这三个跃迁能量Eg、Ea、Eb分别对应从O 2p到Ti d、Ni d、Pb 6p轨道跃迁.它们随温度上升而下降的变化规律可以用晶格热膨胀和电子声子相互作用理论来解释.通过Tauc-Lorentz色散模型拟合得到了303 K到453 K温度范围的Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O3-0.3PbTiO_3单晶光学常数及其随温度的变化规律,发现折射率n随着温度的升高而升高.     

纳米二氧化钒薄膜的制备及其特性研究

采用原子层沉积(ALD)方法,分别以VO(OC3H7)3和H2 O2为钒源和氧源,在载玻片基底上沉积钒氧化物薄膜;在还原气氛的管式炉中,对钒氧化物薄膜进行还原退火结晶,进而得到VO2薄膜晶体.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究所制备的钒氧化物薄膜表面形貌、晶体结构以及组分的变化;利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对VO2薄膜的红外透射性进行测试分析.结果表明:ALD所制备的薄膜以非晶态V2O5、VO2和V2O3为主;在通以还原气氛(95％Ar,5％H2)并500℃热处理2h后得到以(011)择优取向的单斜金红石纳米VO2薄膜,VO2晶体薄膜相变前后红外透过率突变量较大.     

射频磁控溅射法在柔性聚酰亚胺衬底上制备ZnS薄膜及其特性研究

为使Ⅱ-Ⅵ族化合物ZnS薄膜具有可弯曲性,选用柔性的聚酰亚胺作为衬底材料,用射频磁控溅射法沉积ZnS薄膜,对所制备薄膜的结晶结构、组分和光学特性进行分析.实验结果表明,所制备薄膜为结晶态的闪锌矿ZnS结构,择优取向为(111)晶面,晶粒尺寸为25.6 nm.薄膜组分接近化学计量比,并具有少量的S损失.薄膜在可见光区和近红外光区的平均透射率分别为82.0％和90.5％,透光特性良好.作为对比,在钠钙玻璃衬底上溅射的ZnS薄膜的结晶度高于聚酰亚胺衬底薄膜,但其透射率略低于柔性ZnS薄膜.实验结果表明了用磁控溅射法在柔性聚酰亚胺衬底上制备ZnS薄膜的可行性.