静态交通大数据系统下智慧停车平台创新与应用探究

本文主要对智慧停车平台的设计、子系统等内容展开论述,将该平台的实际应用效果列举出来,让智慧停车服务变得更加完善,使目前的停车资源在利用率上有所提升,从而为智慧城市的建设起到促进作用.     

基于随机投影深度函数的停车场车辆提取方法

为精确提取露天停车场内颜色混杂的车辆，提出一种基于随机投影深度函数的车辆提取方法.随机投影深度函数可有效区分RGB彩色空间中数据集的数据中心与离群值，充分利用各车辆颜色特征的复杂性及其与停车场背景颜色特征的差异性，凸显具有离群值颜色特征的车辆.首先，利用随机投影深度函数对彩色遥感影像中各像素颜色特征进行排序得到深度场影像；然后，对深度场影像做形态学闭运算并选取合适的随机投影深度值作为阈值，二值化闭运算后的深度场影像，实现车辆初始提取；最后，结合决策树分析与形态学运算实现车辆精确提取.实验结果表明，随机投影深度函数可有效处理彩色遥感影像中各种颜色车辆所表现的"同物异谱"现象，在深度场影像中凸显不同颜色的车辆，有效提高车辆提取效率；辅助以简单的后处理可实现遥感影像中不同场景停车场车辆提取.     

Physical properties and structure of fine core–shell particles used as packing materials for chromatography: Relationships between particle characteristics and column performance

The recent development of new brands of packing materials made of fine porous-shell particles, e.g., Halo and Kinetex, has brought great improvements in potential column efficiency, demanding considerable progress in the design of chromatographic instruments. Columns packed with Halo and Kinetex particles provide minimum values of their reduced plate heights of nearly 1.5 and 1.2, respectively. These packing materials have physical properties that set them apart from conventional porous particles. The kinetic performance of 4.6 mm I.D. columns packed with these two new materials is analyzed based on the results of a series of nine independent and complementary experiments: low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inverse size-exclusion chromatography (ISEC), Coulter counter particle size distributions, pycnometry, height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP), peak parking method (PP), total pore blocking method (TPB), and local electrochemical detection across the column exit section (LED). The results of this work establish links between the physical properties of these superficially porous particles and the excellent kinetic performance of columns packed with them. It clarifies the fundamental origin of the difference in the chromatographic performances of the Halo and the Kinetex columns.     

193 nm光刻散射条技术研究

介绍了193nm光刻中的散射条技术，并利用标量衍射和傅里叶光学理论，对掩模和光瞳平面上衍射图形的空间频率进行了深入的分析，从理论上解释了散射条的工作原理。通过商用光刻模拟软件PROLITH，对散射条的参数进行了优化，并总结出193nm光刻中孤立线散射条的优化方法。     

Surfactant characteristics of polystyrene/poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers in aqueous solution and on polystyrene latex particles: Two‐step emulsion polymerizations

Macromonomers were synthesized by anionic “living” polymerization. They comprised a poly(ethylene oxide) hydrophilic block and a hydrophobic block or sequence terminated with an unsaturation. The surface activity properties of these materials (critical micelle concentration and parking area) were determined, and the values were compared and discussed in terms of the molecular structure of these new surfactants. Some of the macromonomers were employed as emulsifiers in two‐step emulsion polymerizations. The data obtained were discussed while taking into account the different chemical structures of the macromonomers and the efficiency of these species as emulsifiers in the polymerization recipes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2767–2776, 2001     

A Directed Percolation Model for Clogging in a Porous Medium with Small Inhomogeneities

We propose a microscopic model based on directed percolation for the process of mechanical clogging of a porous medium by particles suspended in a fluid flow. Under appropriate conditions the deposited particles may form fractal clusters. A criterion for the occurrence of fractal clogging is presented. It links together the particle size and the pore size distribution. The effect of microscopic inhomogeneities is studied inside and outside the critical region using Monte Carlo calculations in two dimensions. The critical exponents remain unchanged because the perturbation induced by these inhomogeneities is irrelevant. The percolation threshold is found to shift to higher values almost linearly with increasing size of obstacles. For size distributed obstacles the arithmetic mean of the distribution is the only significant parameter which determines the shift. Type and broadness of the distribution have no influence. Also the percolation probability depends only on the mean even outside the critical region for all values of the occupation probability. Occupying the same fraction of the porous matrix, large obstacles cause more particles to deposit than small ones.     

停车指引系统嵌入式无线网关设计

为了改善室内停车场找车位时的盲目性问题,设计了基于Zigbee和WIFI技术的嵌入式无线网关,处理器采用了ARM11S3C6410,首先以轮询方式查询每个车位上的探测器节点,将当前车位信息保存在嵌入式数据库中,同时将信息以TCP/IP的方式发布出去,从而使得上位机或手机客户端可以监控或得到车位信息。结合在本单位地下停车场的实际测试,表明本系统达到方便寻找车位的目的且运行稳定,达到了设计要求,具有应用推广价值。     

基于CAN总线的停车场智能引导系统

为了提高停车场的信息化和智能化管理水平,提出了基于CAN总线的停车场智能引导系统,系统分三级管理层,每一级的节点均采用嵌入式处理器LPC2129作为控制核心,利用超声波测距模块HC-SR04检测车位和车道上的车辆有无。当有车辆驶入停车场的每个交叉路口时,会自动触发车辆引导管理器并向中央控制器发送信号,中央控制器根据当前停车场的使用情况运算得出最优空车位,并反馈行驶路线给车辆引导管理器,通过LED屏显示指示箭头引导车辆,大大提高了停车场车位的使用率,降低了管理成本;当车辆泊入或者泊出车位时,车位发布管理器会及时更新LED屏上的剩余车位数量等信息。同时该系统为其他高级停车场综合管理系统集成和扩展提供了方便的功能接口,具有很好的开放性。     

Real‐Time Precision Vehicle Localization Using Numerical Maps

Autonomous vehicle technology based on information technology and software will lead the automotive industry in the near future. Vehicle localization technology is a core expertise geared toward developing autonomous vehicles and will provide location information for control and decision. This paper proposes an effective vision‐based localization technology to be applied to autonomous vehicles. In particular, the proposed technology makes use of numerical maps that are widely used in the field of geographic information systems and that have already been built in advance. Optimum vehicle ego‐motion estimation and road marking feature extraction techniques are adopted and then combined by an extended Kalman filter and particle filter to make up the localization technology. The implementation results of this paper show remarkable results; namely, an 18 ms mean processing time and 10 cm location error. In addition, autonomous driving and parking are successfully completed with an unmanned vehicle within a space.     

可穿戴型下肢助力机器人感知系统研究

在分析可穿戴型下肢助力机器人所需要的控制信息的基础上，设计了一套基于CAN总线的人体下肢运动信息感知系统。该系统主要包括可获取人体腿部和脚底状态的力传感器和获取髋关节和踝关节角度信息的编码器。实验结果表明，所设计的多传感器系统稳定，实时性好，满足可穿戴型下肢助力机器人系统控制的需要。