近红外光谱法同时测定卷烟纸中的钾和钠

为适应快速分析卷烟纸中K和Na含量的需要,应用傅立叶变换近红外(FT-NIR)光谱法和常规化学分析方法分别测定了101个卷烟纸样品的光谱数据和K及Na含量.以光谱数据和检测数据为基础,利用偏最小二乘法建立了预测卷烟纸中K和Na含量的数学模型,并进行了样品扫描条件和模型的优化.结果表明:每个纸样取14张扫描比较适宜;K和Na建模的适宜谱区范围均为4 000-7 700 cm<'-1>;一阶导数+Norris导数滤波法进行光谱预处理;K和Na优化模型的R分别为0.990 6和0.986 5,RMSECV为0.065 7和0.035 9,其预测值与化学测定值的平均相对偏差各为9.63%和9.03%.     

Efficient hydrogen peroxide generation from organic matter in a bioelectrochemical system

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is an important industrial chemical, but its current production methods are highly energy-intensive. This study presents a novel process for the production of H₂O₂ based on the bioelectrochemical oxidation of wastewater organics at an anode coupled to the cathodic reduction of oxygen to H₂O₂. At an applied voltage of 0.5 V, this system was capable of producing 1.9 ± 0.2 kg H₂O₂/m³/day from acetate at an overall efficiency of 83.1 ± 4.8%. As most of the required energy was derived from the acetate, the system had a low energy requirement of 0.93 kWh/kg H₂O₂.     

Accelerated and Natural Aging of Cellulose-Based Paper: Py-GC/MS Method

Samples of papers artificially (2 to 60 days) and naturally (10, 45, and 56 years) aged were studied by the Py-GC/MS method to identify decomposition products. Possible reaction scenarios for cellulose degradation were developed. One of the degradation products is acetic acid, which can (auto)catalyze the cleavage of cellulose β(1→4)-glycosidic bonds of cellulose polymer chains. However, during 20 s of Py-GC/MS analysis, temperatures of up to 300 °C did not significantly increase or modify the formation of decomposition products of paper components. At 300 °C, the amount of several cellulose decomposition products increased regularly depending on the number of days of artificial aging and natural aging, demonstrated mainly by the generation of 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and levoglucosan and its consecutive dehydration products. No correlation between the amount of lignin decomposition products and the time of aging was found when the pyrolysis was performed at 300 °C and 500 °C. Compounds present in the products of decomposition at 500 °C bear the imprint of the chemical composition of the sampled paper. Pyrograms taken at 300 °C using the Py-GC/MS method can give additional information on the changes in the chemical structure of paper during natural or artificial aging, mainly about the cleavage of β(1→4)-glycosidic bonds during aging.