Quantitative Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Panel Performance with Size-Varied Dust Pollutants Deposition Using Different Machine Learning Approaches

In this paper, the impact of dust deposition on solar photovoltaic (PV) panels was examined, using experimental and machine learning (ML) approaches for different sizes of dust pollutants. The experimental investigation was performed using five different sizes of dust pollutants with a deposition density of 33.48 g/m² on the panel surface. It has been noted that the zero-resistance current of the PV panel is reduced by up to 49.01% due to the presence of small-size particles and 15.68% for large-size (ranging from 600 µ to 850 µ). In addition, a significant reduction of nearly 40% in sunlight penetration into the PV panel surface was observed due to the deposition of a smaller size of dust pollutants compared to the larger size. Subsequently, different ML regression models, namely support vector machine (SVMR), multiple linear (MLR) and Gaussian (GR), were considered and compared to predict the output power of solar PV panels under the varied size of dust deposition. The outcomes of the ML approach showed that the SVMR algorithms provide optimal performance with MAE, MSE and R² values of 0.1589, 0.0328 and 0.9919, respectively; while GR had the worst performance. The predicted output power values are in good agreement with the experimental values, showing that the proposed ML approaches are suitable for predicting the output power in any harsh and dusty environment.     

蜂窝夹层板撞击极限方程预测能力的提升

蜂窝夹层板撞击极限方程是空间碎片撞击航天器风险评估的关键技术,目前描述其预测能力的指标主要有总体、安全预测正确率和绝对、相对误差。基于131个蜂窝夹层板的实验数据,分别描述各个预测指标在方程系数空间的变化特征,并采用层次化思路进行方程预测指标提升的探讨。结果发现,进行方程优化时,预测概率型指标可精确优化,而预测误差型指标可快速优化;总体预测正确率作为首要预测指标可优先用于研究航天器的在轨防护特性,而安全预测正确率作为首要指标则可优先用于其设计安全性。

     

金融发展对经济增长影响的实证分析

本文将金融发展作为一个独立解释变量引入,构造经济增长的面板数据模型,运用面板数据以1994年为分界点分两阶段实证分析了全国及东、中、西部地区1985~2003年金融发展对经济增长的影响,以及东、中、西部地区影响的差异性,模型较好地拟合了数据。实证分析表明,各地区之间金融发展的不平衡性可以部分解释其经济增长的差异性。     

基于RGBD数据与深度权重的压缩光场显示

使用多层空间光调制器的压缩光场(compressive light field,CLF) 显示技术具有空间带宽利用率高、图像分辨率好等优势,是一种很有前景的光场显示技术。传统的方法将光场分解视为超定问题并使用优化算法求解。随着重建光场的分辨率、深度、视角等性能参数的提升,优化算法的计算效率低、内存消耗大的缺陷被放大,难以实现快速计算。为此,本文提出了一种新型CLF分解算法,该算法将原始光场分解为物点进行存储,仅占用少量内存;利用深度权重和加权平均代替了优化算法,大幅提高了运算效率。在同等条件下,所提出的算法占用内存仅是传统方法的38.8%,计算时间缩短了93.7%,图像质量提高约1 dB。最后通过仿真和实验两种方式对比了该方法和传统方法的显示效果,验证了算法的有效性。     

CdS 纳米粒子掺杂的液晶显示器件的低开启电压和频率调制特性

降低能耗对于液晶显示器件,尤其是移动显示尤为重要.在本研究中,3 nm 和 5 nm 两种不同尺寸的 CAS 纳米粒子被用来掺杂入 5CB 液晶材料.掺杂浓度分别为 0.1 wt%和 0.2 wt%.掺杂所得到的液晶显示器件的开启电压由于纳米粒子的影响而被降低,最多可达到25%.并且,相比于前期报道的金属纳米粒子掺杂的液晶显示器件,CdS 纳米粒子显示出稍弱的频率调制特性.     

基于最优扫描结构的分形IP核设计

描述平板显示系统中最优扫描结构所对应的自相似分形拓扑结构图,提出分形扫描核心模块架构,分析n位分形扫描的递推结构,研究扫描过程中的子空间码与位码序列的关键特征,推导出序列生成的通用逻辑算法。在此基础上,设计了适合各种灰度等级的参数化的分形IP核并得到仿真结果,同时给出了分形IP核的系统应用,证明所设计的IP核可以有效提高灰度扫描的利用率和FPD画面质量。     

高可靠电阻式触摸屏的研制

用高温烧结工艺制作的高可靠五线电阻式触摸屏,因ITO方阻更均匀、电极电阻更稳定,而具有更高的线性度和可靠性,可实现在较宽的温度范围内长期工作无漂移.介绍了这种新型五线触摸屏的主要工艺流程、技术难题、关键技术和产品优点.     

主控盘和交叉连接盘在MSP环故障时的作用

针对传输环网络中不同厂家的设备故障时产生的多种现象,分析主控盘和交叉矩阵盘在二纤双向复用环发生故障时的作用,并学会在遇到此类故障时应如何进行故障的判断、分析、定位及处理.     

残影不良分析及改善对策研究

通过对大量残影不良样品进行分析,找到了残影不良产生的原因,并基于分析结果设计了改善残影的实验。通过分析发现:残影不良产生的原因是彩膜侧像素与黑矩阵之间的段差过大,在摩擦工程时段差过大区域形成了摩擦弱区,摩擦弱区内的液晶分子配向较弱,导致不良产生。为降低残影不良进行实验,结果显示:在彩膜侧加覆盖层可以有效降低残影不良的发生率,但不适用于量产;通过采用高预倾角的配向膜材料,同时控制配向膜工程到摩擦工程的时间,可使残影不良发生率由28.2%降低至0.2%,为企业的稳定高效生产奠定了基础。     

Influence of the underneath cavity on buoyant‐forced cooling of the integrated photovoltaic panels in building roof: a thermography study

Airflow around building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) has a significant impact on their hygrothermal behavior and degradation. The potential of reducing the temperature of BIPV using an underneath cavity is experimentally and numerically investigated in literature. Most of the models are oversimplified in terms of modeling the impact of 3D flow over/underneath of PV modules, which can result in a non‐uniform surface temperature and consequently a non‐homogenous thermal degradation. Moreover, the simultaneous presence of radiation and convection related to upstream wind, in addition to the combined impact of back‐ventilation and surface convection, is barely addressed in literature. However, these simplifications can result in the unrealistic loading climate conditions. This paper aims to present a unique experimental setup to provide more realistic climate conditions for investigating the ventilation potential of the underneath. The setup consists of a solar simulator and a building prototype with installed PV, placed inside an atmospheric wind tunnel to control upstream wind velocity. Thermography is performed using an infrared camera to monitor the surface temperature of the BIPV. The potential of an underneath cavity with various cavity heights and PV arrangement is further investigated in this paper. The outcome would be eventually useful in the development of practical guidelines for BIPV installation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.