镜像曲波掌部静脉影像增强方法

针对掌部静脉红外影像信噪比低、对比度不高、难以实现准确特征提取的情况,提出一种基于多尺度镜像曲波变换的掌部静脉影像增强新方法.基于多尺度曲波系数表达能力的剖析,该方法完全抑制了噪声高、特征信息少的高频子带系数,在去噪的同时非线性增强了细节特征丰富的中频子带系数,拉伸了反映影像整体对比度的低频子带系数.实验表明,该方法主观视觉评价和客观评价指数都显著提高,有效增强了低对比度掌部静脉红外影像特征,提高了影像信噪比和信息熵,其对静脉边缘特征的表达能力更优于双正交小波增强和直方图均衡化方法.     

Upgrading the Nutritional Value of PKC Using a Bacillus subtilis Derived Monocomponent β-Mannanase

Palm kernel cake (PKC) is an abundant side stream that can only be added to non-ruminant feed in small concentrations due to its content of antinutritional factors, mainly galactomannan, which cannot be digested by non-ruminants. β-mannanases can be added to partially hydrolyze galactomannan to form mannose oligosaccharides, which are known to be prebiotic. We here investigate the action of a β-mannanase from B. subtilis on PKC by colorimetry, NMR and fluorescence microscopy. The amount of mannan oligosaccharides in solution was significantly increased by the β-mannanase and their degree of polymerization (DP) was significantly reduced. There was a dose-response behavior in that larger β-mannanase concentrations increased the amount of soluble mannose oligosaccharides while reducing their average DP. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, solubilization of galactomannan in PKC was clearly visualized. Images show a clear disruption of the cellulose and galactomannan structures of the PKC cell walls. We thus show in this study that using commercial dosages of β-mannanase on PKC can lead to formation of prebiotic compounds. Thus, this study suggests that utilization of PKC in poultry feed formulation might be increased by addition of a β-mannanase and would improve the return on investment.     

The superior adsorption capacity of phenol from aqueous solution using Modified Date Palm Nanomaterials: A performance and kinetic study

This work investigates the prospective usage of dried Date palm fibers (DPF) and amino silica modified Date palm fibers nanomaterials (Si-DPF) for phenol removal from water. We studied the characteristics of both dried DPF and Si-DPF nanomaterials based on their composition and morphology. The characterization includes diverse types of instruments such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Batch mode experimentations were continued and studied utilizing various significant factors such as the dose of adsorbent, solution pH, contact time, and the initial quantity of phenol molecules as a pollutant. Under optimum conditions (pH: 7.00, adsorbent dose: 2.00 g/L, initial concentration of phenol: 100 ppm and contact time: 24 h), the maximum adsorption capacities were calculated to be 19.57 and 31.25 mg/g for DPF and Si-DPF respectively. Further, to study the mechanism of the adsorption process of the under-investigated toxic molecules on the active sites of the nanomaterials, we introduced kinetic models involving pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and models based on intra-particle diffusion. To study the equilibrium isotherms, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were considered, and the Langmuir isothermal model (R² ≈ 0.997 and 0.984 for DPF and Si-DPF respectively) which largely deals with the results of the experiments achieved.     

The Mineral Composition of Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under Low to High Salinity Irrigation

Adaptability to salinity varies between different varieties of date palm trees. This research aims to explore the long-term impact of different salinity irrigation levels on the mineral content of 13 date palm varieties grown in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Date varieties were grown using three irrigation water salinity levels of 5, 10 and 15 dS m⁻¹. The mineral composition (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P and Zn) of date palm fruits was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). High salinity levels showed no effect on the mineral content of Ajwat AlMadinah, Naghal, Barhi, Shagri, Abu Maan, Jabri, Sukkari and Rothan varieties. All date varieties remained good sources of dietary potassium, magnesium, manganese and boron even at high salinity levels. Increased salinity had no effect on the percent Daily Value (%DV) categories of most of the analyzed minerals. While no genotypes showed a general adaptation to different saline environments, Barhi, Ajwat Al Madinah, Khinizi, Maktoumi and Shagri varieties were more stable towards salinity variation. In the UAE, the genotype x saline-environment interaction was found to be high which makes it impossible to attribute the variation in mineral content to a single varietal or salinity effect.     

Effect of treatment on the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of oil‐palm‐fiber‐reinforced phenolformaldehyde composites

The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of oil‐palm‐fiber‐reinforced untreated (Sample 1) and differently treated composites were measured with the transient plane source technique at room temperature and under normal pressure. All the composites were 40% oil‐palm fiber by weight. The fibers were treated with alkali (Composite 2), silane (Composite 3), and acetic acid (Composite 4) and reinforced in a phenolformaldehyde matrix. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the composites increased after treatment to different extents. The thermal conductivity of the treated fibers as well as of the untreated fibers was calculated theoretically. The model results show that the thermal conductivity of the untreated fiber was smaller than the thermal conductivity of the treated fibers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 916–921, 2000     

人体手掌静脉图像采集系统研究

以手掌静脉图像采集装置为研究对象,详细分析了采集装置的设计原理,设计了一种光强分布均匀的双环形近红外光源结构,并提出了一种基于灰度共生矩阵及模糊逻辑的手掌静脉图像质量评价方法。通过研究对比度、熵、相关性的值与静脉纹理结构信息的关系,建立模糊推理系统对图像质量做出了最佳判别,从而验证了采集系统的性能。设计的采集装置结构小、成本低,采集到的静脉图像比较清晰,满足静脉识别系统后续处理的需要。     

Structural characterization of a vegetable oil‐based polyol through liquid chromatography multistage mass spectrometry

A commercial vegetable oil‐based polyol for rigid polyurethane foams has been characterized by liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐QIT‐MS). The absolute molecular weight (MW = 960) was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) equipped with both refractive index (RI) detector and static laser light‐scattering detector (SLSD), which allowed further analysis by LC‐MS. The oligo‐polyol mixture was first separated in two elutes and then investigated by a deep multistage mass spectrometry (MSⁿ) study and completed using NMR. The major constituents identified were regioisomers of propoxylated sucrose (n_PO = 6–12), and the related esters of C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2 fatty acids had a mass ratio of 6:3:1. A comparison of fatty acids composition between the sample and palm oil demonstrated that the sample was initially prepared from the mixture of sucrose and palm oil by direct propoxylation. The MSⁿ fragmentation studies validated the structure of propoxylated sucrose and the related fatty acids derivatives. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 255–262     

A Model for Evaluating and Determining the Most Appropriate Polymer Matrix Type for Natural Fiber Composites

The process of determining the proper polymer matrix type, using a wide range of criteria, to form a natural fiber–reinforced polymer composite is still not established enough. This work introduces, for the first time, a model to select the proper polymer matrix type for natural fibers to enhance the sustainability of the automotive industry. The model was developed to rank different polymers and to determine their relative merits considering 20 different criteria simultaneously, including different physical, mechanical, chemical, environmental, and technical criteria. This work can support establishing a road map for proper selection of polymers in different engineering applications as well as increasing the reliability of the polymer selection process.     

In vitro cytotoxicity effects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen on neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells

There is a fast growing tendency in the use of herbal remedies in developing countries. One of the traditional medicines used for male infertility treatment is date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pollen (DPP). Isolated spermatogonial stem cells and sertoli cells using enzymatic digestion were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 4% foetal bovine serum in the absence or presence of 0.06, 0.25 and 0.62 mg/mL concentrations of aqueous extract of DPP for 2 weeks. The assessment of mean number of the whole cells and the living cells showed that there were no significant differences between the mean viability percentage and proliferation rate between control and experimental groups (P>0.05). As there are no cytotoxicity effects of DPP in our cultural system, this system can be utilised for the enrichment or differentiation of these cells in clinical applications, cell replacement therapy, tissue regeneration and tissue engineering applications.     

High pressure and high temperature generation using small-sized cubic-type multi-anvil apparatus

High pressure and high temperature conditions of 4 GPa and 500°C were generated using a small-sized cubic-type multi-anvil apparatus, which was originally developed for high pressure and low temperature experiments. The drop in pressure was negligible as the temperature was increased from room temperature to 300°C at 4.5 GPa under conditions where the press was clamped. Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction images were successfully obtained from a pure aluminum specimen at 4 GPa and 500°C in the angle-dispersive mode.