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981.
通过近红外光谱法对生活废水样本中的化学需氧量(COD)进行分析,将全谱波段等分为30、20、15、12个子区间,选用间隔偏最小二乘法(iPLS)、后向间隔偏最小二乘法(BiPLS)以及前向间隔偏最小二乘法(FiPLS)建立COD光谱特征波段的选择。结果显示:全波段所建立的PLS模型最差,iPLS、FiPLS、BiPLS模型均有所改进,且BiPLS算法的模型最好。当全波长分为30个子区间时,所选特征波段第22、18、23、25、24、4、2、19、17组合区间建立的模型为最佳,其预测集标准偏差(RMSEP)与交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为15.9mg·L-1和16.8mg·L-1。 相似文献
982.
建立快速消解分光光度法检测高氯废水中低浓度化学需氧量(COD)的方法。通过提高催化液中硫酸银的浓度(46 g/L)充分络合氯离子,同时降低消解液中重铬酸钾的浓度至0.061 2 mol/L来抑制重铬酸钾与氯离子的反应,达到有效消除Cl~–干扰的目的。水样在165℃消解30 min,于600 nm波长检测吸光度,标准曲线法计算COD。实验结果表明,水样中COD质量浓度为20 mg/L时,2 000 mg/L的Cl~–不干扰COD的测定(相对误差小于10%),并且随着COD质量浓度的增加,Cl~–产生的干扰误差逐渐降低。对国家环境保护部标准样品进行了测定,COD测定值与标准值一致。样品加标回收率为97.0%~103.7%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.01%~6.33%(n=6)。该法快速,有毒试剂用量小,成本低,具有较高的准确度和良好的精密度,可以用于多数工业废水中COD的测定。 相似文献
983.
Generator‐collector Voltammetry at Dual‐plate Gold‐gold Microtrench Electrodes as Diagnostic Tool in Ionic Liquids
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Miguel Angel Montiel Jesus Iniesta Andrew J. Gross Thies Thiemann Frank Marken 《Electroanalysis》2016,28(5):1068-1076
Ionic liquids provide high viscosity solvent environments with interesting voltammetric characteristics and new electrochemical mechanisms. Here, a gold‐gold dual‐plate microtrench electrode is employed in generator‐collector mode to enhance viscosity‐limited currents in ionic liquids due to fast feedback within small inter‐electrode gaps (5 μm inter‐electrode gap, 27 μm microtrench depth) and to provide a mechanistic diagnosis tool. Three redox systems in the ionic liquid BMIm+BF4? are investigated: (i) ferrocene oxidation, (ii) oxygen reduction, and (iii) 2‐phenyl‐naphthyl‐1,4‐dione reduction. Both transient and steady state voltammetric responses are compared. Asymmetric diffusion processes, reaction intermediates, and solubility changes in the ionic liquid are revealed. 相似文献
984.
Imaging of Oxygen Diffusion in Individual Platinum/Ce2Zr2Ox Catalyst Particles During Oxygen Storage and Release
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Dr. Hirosuke Matsui Dr. Nozomu Ishiguro Kaori Enomoto Dr. Oki Sekizawa Prof. Dr. Tomoya Uruga Prof. Dr. Mizuki Tada 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(39):12022-12025
The spatial distribution of Ce3+ and Ce4+ in each particle of Ce2Zr2Ox in a three‐way conversion catalyst system was successfully imaged during an oxygen storage/release cycle by scanning X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) using hard X‐ray nanobeams. For the first time, nano‐XAFS imaging visualized and identified the modes of non‐uniform oxygen diffusion from the interface of Pt catalyst and Ce2Zr2Ox support and the active parts in individual catalyst particles. 相似文献
985.
Johannes Wandt Peter Jakes Josef Granwehr Hubert A. Gasteiger Rüdiger‐A. Eichel 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(24):6892-6895
Aprotic lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their outstanding theoretical energy density. A major challenge is their poor reversibility caused by degradation reactions, which mainly occur during battery charge and are still poorly understood. Herein, we show that singlet oxygen (1Δg) is formed upon Li2O2 oxidation at potentials above 3.5 V. Singlet oxygen was detected through a reaction with a spin trap to form a stable radical that was observed by time‐ and voltage‐resolved in operando EPR spectroscopy in a purpose‐built spectroelectrochemical cell. According to our estimate, a lower limit of approximately 0.5 % of the evolved oxygen is singlet oxygen. The occurrence of highly reactive singlet oxygen might be the long‐overlooked missing link in the understanding of the electrolyte degradation and carbon corrosion reactions that occur during the charging of Li–O2 cells. 相似文献
986.
A Study of Different Doped Metal Cations on the Physicochemical Properties and Catalytic Activities of Ce20M1Ox (M=Zr,Cr, Mn,Fe, Co,Sn) Composite Oxides for Nitric Oxide Reduction by Carbon Monoxide
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Changshun Deng Min Li Junning Qian Qun Hu Dr. Meina Huang Qingjin Lin Yongshun Ruan Dr. Lihui Dong Prof. Bin Li Prof. Minguang Fan 《化学:亚洲杂志》2016,11(15):2144-2156
This work is mainly focused on investigating the effects of different doped metal cations on the formation of Ce20M1Ox (M=Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Sn) composite oxides and their physicochemical and catalytic properties for NO reduction by CO as a model reaction. The obtained samples were characterized by using N2 physisorption, X‐ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature‐programmed reduction by hydrogen and by oxygen (H2‐TPR and O2‐TPD), in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and the NO+CO model reaction. The results imply that the introduction of Mx+ into the lattice of CeO2 increases the specific surface area and pore volume, especially for variable valence metal cations, and enhances the catalytic performance to a great extent. In this regard, increases in the oxygen vacancies, reduction properties, and chemisorbed O2? (and/or O?) species of these Ce20M1Ox composite oxides (M refers to variable valence metals) play significant roles in this reaction. Among the samples, Ce20Cr1Ox exhibited the best catalytic performance, mainly because it has the best reducibility and more chemisorbed oxygen, and significant reasons for these attributes may be closely related to favorable synergistic interactions of the vacancies and near‐surface Ce3+ and Cr3+. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism was tentatively proposed to understand the reactions. 相似文献
987.
988.
989.
J. He R. Jin B.C. Chakoumakos J.S. Gardner D. Mandrus Terry M. Tritt 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2007,36(7):740-745
We report single-crystal growth of the superconducting pyrochlore Cd2Re2O7 using a vapor transport technique. Several parameters of the growth conditions, including hot-zone temperature and starting stoichiometry, were varied in order to control the formation of ReO2 inclusions, as confirmed by the electron microscopy, resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The Rietveld refinement of x-ray (neutron) powder diffraction was found to be consistent with a cubic structure Fd3m with lattice constant a = 10.2250 (10.2358) Å and reduced coordinate of O1 = 0.3184 (0.3177) at 293 K (250 K). We also studied the oxygen stoichiometry by means of redox reactions, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), and x-ray/neutron diffractions. Particularly, the neutron powder diffraction on the 114Cd-enriched specimens yielded an oxygen deficiency δ = 0.14 ± 0.03 solely at the O2 site, which was consistent with the EMPA results. The EMPA indicated that the oxygen deficiency is homogeneous in the bulk and in a range of 0.01 ± 0.18–0.23 ± 0.19. 相似文献
990.