Pressure-Induced Shifts of R1 and R2 Lines of YAG:Cr3+

By means of improved ligand-field theory, the "pure electronic" pressure-induced shifts (PS's) and the PS's due to electron-phonon interaction (EPI) of R1 line and R2 line of YAG:Cr3 have been calculated, respectively.The calculated results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. It is demonstrated that the admixture of |t22(3T1)e4T2> and |t322E> bases in the wavefunction of R1 level of YAG:Cr3 and its change with pressure play a key role for the PS of R1 line. The behaviors of the "pure electronic" PS of R1 line and the PS of R1 line due to EPI are different. It is the combined effect of them that gives rise to the total PS of R1 line, which has satisfactorily explained the experimental results. The systematic analyses and comparisons between the feature of R1-line PS of YAG:Cr3 and the ones of three laser crystals (GSGG:Cr3 , GGG:Cr3 and ruby) have been made, and the origin of the difference between them has been revealed.     

Tunable All-Optical Microwave Filters Based on Fiber Loop and Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings

All-optical microwave filters are important parts of fiber-optic microwave/millimeter wave processing systems. In this paper, two novel passive tunable all-optical microwave filters based on fiber loop and chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) are demonstrated, where the frequency response of the both filters can be continuously tuned by adjusting the wavelength of the input light. The required free spectral range (FSR) of the filters can be obtained by carefully controlling the length of fiber loop and the positions of the CFBGs in the fiber loop. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed filtering structures.     

X光二极管实验平台初步设计

采用Marx发生器结合水介质同轴线设计了高压脉冲功率源,在X射线二极管负载上可产生数 MV高压输出。通过电压波过程分析,给出了在负载上获得最大电压输出条件下的形成线、传输线的阻抗设计原则。通过集中参数电路模型分析,给出了一定预脉冲幅值下形成线、传输线电长度及中储设计原则。结合水介质正极性耐压Martin经验公式进行绝缘设计,二极管采用径向均压绝缘堆结构,给出了整个装置初步方案设计。基于Pspice的全系统电路模拟表明：当中储运行电压为2.6 MV时,对3 形成线充电电压为3.3 MV,并最终在40 负载上获得4 MV电压输出,且充电过程中负载脉冲幅值约为形成线充电电压的1.2%,在现有条件下,该平台设计指标能够满足实验预期。     

Measurements of Residual Stresses in Micron Regions by Using Synchrotron Excited Kossel Diffraction

In 1996, we performed the first measurements of residual stresses by using synchrotron excited Kossel diffraction (at the beamline L of the HASYLAB, Hamburg). Our first findings as well as the principle of the determination procedure for obtaining residual stresses from Kossel lines are presented. The Kossel technique is a very suitable method for fast measurements of local residual stresses in micron regions. Because of the high lateral resolution even residual stresses of third order (inhomogeneities of the stress state within a grain) can be proved and calculated.     

一种基于分段能量分析的桥式吊车镇定控制器设计方法

针对欠驱动桥式吊车系统,提出了一种基于分段能量分析的桥式吊车镇定控制器没计方法.具体而言,首先通过对系统特性进行分段分析构造出一个新的能量函数;随后,在其基础上设计了一种新型的能量控制器,并借助Lyapunov方法和LaSalle不变性原理证明了闭环系统的渐近稳定性.利用数值仿真与实际实验验证了所提出的控制算法具有良好的控制性能,对外界干扰具有较强的鲁捧性.此外,实验结果进一步表明:相比常规的能量控制方法与时间最优控制方法,该控制方法可降低驱动能耗,保征台车的快速精确定位,同时负载的摆角被抑制在更小的范围内,几乎无残余摆动.     

介质壁加速器用固态脉冲形成线设计与实验

设计和研制了一种CaO-TiO2-Al2O3复合陶瓷平板固态脉冲形成线,以期用于介质壁加速器。该脉冲形成线的几何参数为：陶瓷介质长度300 mm,宽度15 mm,厚度1 mm;银电极长度280 mm,宽度2 mm。电性能参数为：相对介电常数约23.5,特征阻抗约26 ,电长度约4.5 ns,直流耐压场强大于20 kV/mm,在s量级上升时间的脉冲电压下绝缘强度大于25 kV/mm。该固态脉冲形成线设计兼顾了光导开关的使用要求、高梯度绝缘子的设计指标、带电粒子束的输运及加速器的结构设计要求。结合GaAs光导开关,开展了固态Blumlein脉冲形成线实验研究工作,在脉冲充电电压约25 kV的条件下,固态Blumlein脉冲形成线实现脉冲电压输出约23 kV。     

Accurate low complexity modeling of twisted pairs suitable for G.fast frequencies

As the higher and higher frequency bands of existing metallic cables in access networks are being continuously exploited by modern transmission technologies, such as the G.fast, the necessity of providing accurate and suitable modeling of their transmission characteristics is evident. Therefore, this paper is focused on modeling of a propagation constant of twisted pairs and metallic cables at high frequencies up to 250 MHz, and an innovative arsinh model is proposed and described. This new model is based on an idea of adopting inverse hyperbolic sine function for modeling of both secondary line coefficients, attenuation constant and phase constant, and its main motivation is to provide their accurate estimations for G.fast frequencies up to 250 MHz for various types of metallic cables while maintaining a low computational complexity. The proposed model was compared with numerous characteristics measured for various real metallic cables as well as with several existing models in order to illustrate its potential. The results, which are presented within this paper, clearly illustrate that the proposed arsinh model generally outperforms existing standard models based on the equal number of required parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rime- and glaze-ice accretion due to freezing rain falling vertically on a horizontal thermally insulated overhead line conductor

A theory of atmospheric icing due to freezing rain on an overhead line conductor (OHLC) is developed. The rain falls vertically on a horizontal OHLC that is thermally insulated. It is assumed that the collection efficiency of the accretion surface is unity and that this surface is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the environment.

For air temperature T_A 0°C and raindrop temperature T_D 0°C, the freezing rain accretes as rime ice, provided that the temperature of the ice surface T_l < 0°C. The evolution equation governing the mass transfer at the accretion surface is solved analytically, yielding the shape of the rime-ice surface. Equations governing the thermal state of the rime-ice deposit are also given. These determine the onset of wet growth or glaze accretion at the upper stagnation line during suitable environmental conditions.

For environmental conditions producing an ice surface at temperature T_l = 0°gC, the freezing accretes as glaze. Equations governing the heat and mass transfer at the surface determine the shape of the glaze surface and the downward viscous motion of the unfrozen water. For T_D < 0°C, glaze evolution equations are developed for T_A 0°C and T_A 0°C. Analytical solutions of these equations are obtained. In particular, when T_D < −T_A < 0°C, the evolution equation predicts a novel limiting growth that is triangular in shape. Further study of the mass and heat transfer conditions, in the neighborhood of this final stage of glaze accretion, shows that it is maintained in thermodynamic equilibrium with its warm air environment.     

基于嵌套缺陷地谐振器的紧凑型多通带滤波器*

根据双模缺陷地谐振器(DDGSR)在结构上易于嵌套实现多通带滤波器的独特优势,以及通过馈线中加上枝节线引入传输零点改善高频阻带特性的方法,提出了一种新颖的具有较陡边带和较宽高阻带特性的四通带滤波器。一节DDGSR 包含一个槽线谐振器(SLR)和一个缺陷地阶跃阻抗谐振器(DSIR),运用具有四节双模缺陷地谐振器的嵌套双模缺陷地谐振器结构,并通过仿真软件优化结构参数设计并制作了GPS(1.57GHz)、DCS(1.8GHz)、WLAN(2.4GHz)、WiMAX(3. 5GHz)频段的四通带滤波器。测试结果表明,四个通带中心频率分别为1. 58/1.8/2.42/3.58GHz,3dB 带宽为8.2/5/5.4/6.7%,带内插损最小值为1.2/1.6/1.6/2.6dB。设计与测试结果良好的一致性验证了理论的准确性。     

电磁环境及其生物效应

强电磁辐射、工频电场与磁场及紫外线辐射均可产生生物效应。详细讨论了电磁环境的生物学效应;计算了典 型通信基站同时考虑邻近扇区辐射影响实际安全防护距离随方位的变化特性,其天线最大辐射方向上和最小辐射方位上 的最小安全防护距离分别为35.43m 和18.16m;利用等效电荷法计算了220kV、330kV 和500kV 高压输电线下空间工频 电场强度分布和安全防护距离,相对应输电线下电场最小安全防护距离分别为距边线外3.1m、8.0m 和12.7m。