酸性金属氧化物对锰铈氧化物催化剂脱硝温度窗口的调控作用

利用溶胶-凝胶法,采用三种酸性金属氧化物（氧化铌、氧化钨和氧化钼）对锰铈复合氧化物催化剂进行了改性. 测试了催化剂的氮氧化物选择性催化还原（SCR）活性,以筛选对应不同温度窗口的合适酸性氧化物改性剂. 同时评价了催化剂的NO氧化和NH₃氧化活性. 利用X射线衍射、BET比表面积测试、H₂程序升温还原、NH₃/NO_x程序升温脱附和NH₃/NO_x吸附红外光谱等手段对催化剂进行了表征. MnO_x-CeO₂催化剂表现出良好的低温（100-150 ℃）活性. 酸性金属氧化物的添加削弱了催化剂的氧化还原特性,从而抑制了NH₃的活化和NO₂辅助的快速SCR反应. 与此同时,相对高温（250-350 ℃）区NH₃的氧化也受到了抑制,B酸和L酸上的NH₃吸附得以增强. 因此,催化剂的SCR脱硝温度窗口向高温移动,改性效果Nb₂O₅ < WO₃ < MoO₃.     

Optimization of CdTe thin‐film solar cell efficiency using a sputtered,oxygenated CdS window layer

A major source of loss in cadmium sulfide/cadmium telluride (CdS/CdTe) solar cells results from light absorbed in the CdS window layer, which is not converted to electrical current. This film can be made more transparent by oxygen incorporation during sputter deposition at ambient temperature. Prior to this work, this material has not produced high‐efficiency devices on tin oxide‐coated soda‐lime‐glass substrates used industrially. Numerous devices were fabricated over a variety of process conditions to produce an optimized device. Although the material does not show a consistent increase in band gap with oxygenation, absorption in this layer can be virtually eliminated over the relevant spectrum, leading to an increase in short‐circuit current. Meanwhile, fill factor is maintained, and open‐circuit voltage increases relative to baseline devices with sublimated CdS. The trend of device parameters with oxygenation and thickness is consistent with an increasing conduction band offset at the window/CdTe interface. Optimization considering both initial efficiency and stability resulted in a National Renewable Energy Laboratory verified 15.2%‐efficient cell on 3.2‐mm soda‐lime glass. This window material was shown to be compatible with SnO₂‐based transparent conducting oxide and high resistance transparent coated substrates using in‐line compatible processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

Impact of oxygen concentration during the deposition of window layers on lowering the metastability effects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2/CBD Zn(S,O) based solar cell

The purpose of the present paper is to focus on the impact of oxygen gas partial pressure during the sputtering of i‐ZnO and ZnMgO on the transient behavior of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGSe) based solar cells parameters when a CBD‐Zn(S,O) buffer layer is used. Based on electrical characterization of cells, it is observed that the effect of light soaking is different on J–V characteristics depending on whether oxygen is or is not present during the first deposition time of the i‐ZnO or ZnMgO layers. In fact, when cells are prepared with standard i‐ZnO, the efficiencies are very low and a pronounced transient behavior is observed. However, when the first 10 nm of i‐ZnO or ZnMgO is formed by sputtered layer without adding oxygen during the process, depending on the thickness of the buffer layer, the transient effects strongly decreases. It is then possible to get stable cells reaching efficiencies quite similar to the CdS reference cells, especially with ZnMgO, without any post‐treatments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cross-Link-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Rapid Excretion in Nanotheranostic Applications

Most NIR-IIb fluorophores are nanoparticle-based probes with long retention (≈1 month or longer) in the body. Here, we applied a novel cross-linked coating to functionalize core/shell lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide quantum dots (PbS/CdS QDs) emitting at ≈1600 nm. The coating was comprised of an amphiphilic polymer followed by three crosslinked amphiphilic polymeric layers (P³ coating), imparting high biocompatibility and >90 % excretion of QDs within 2 weeks of intravenous administration. The P³-QDs were conjugated to an engineered anti-CD8 diabody (Cys-diabody) for in vivo molecular imaging of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Two-plex molecular imaging in combination with down-conversion Er nanoparticles (ErNPs) was performed for real-time in vivo monitoring of PD-L1 positive tumor cells and CTLs with cellular resolution by non-invasive NIR-IIb light sheet microscopy. Imaging of angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment and of lymph nodes deep in the body with a signal-to-background ratio of up to ≈170 was also achieved using P³-QDs.     

一种提高雷达系统输出信噪比的方法

在给定雷达的检测概率和虚警概率后,系统输出信噪比直接影响雷达的作用距离。采用距离分段加权技术,可以减小加权引起的信噪比损失,从而提高了雷达的作用距离。给出了泰勒窗函数在距离分段加权中的应用,事实已证明该方法的可行性。     

基于灰度冗余的红外图像自适应输出窗技术

根据红外图像的特点,提出了一种基于灰度冗余的红外图像自适应输出窗技术.该技术通过对图像灰度直方图的统计,设定适当的阈值,将灰度像素分布为零的灰度级进行完全压缩,将小于阈值的灰度级映射到阈值灰度级,然后将有效灰度级在整个可显示灰度级范围内作等间距排列.该算法在压缩灰度冗余的同时,实现了对有效图像灰度级的无损均衡,提高了图像质量,并能实现实时处理.     

Fabrication of thermo-responsive polymer nanocomposites for smart window applications

Abstract

Thermo-responsive polymers have attracted much attention in recent years because they can provide a variety of applications for smart devices, but the lack of sufficient mechanical properties and late response rate of the polymers limit their applications. In the current work, we fabricated polymer nanocomposites made from poly(vinyl methyl ether) and nanofillers with photothermal conversion property such as graphene oxide, antimony tin oxide nanoparticles, and silver nanoplates. The prepared nanocomposites showed rapidly reversible and reliable transparent-opaque transitions during the repeated heating and cooling processes, suggesting that they can be applied to smart window applications.     

基于热光效应的智能窗薄膜材料

基于半导体和金属间的相变特性,重点介绍了基于热光效应的二氧化钒薄膜材料,描述了当前国内外的研究进展.给出了能应用于智能窗的纳米二氧化钒薄膜材料,并与常规的二氧化钒薄膜材料进行了分析比较.对这种智能窗薄膜材料的原理与应用前景进行了评述.可以预计,随着对太阳能材料的不断研究与开发,基于热光效应的智能窗薄膜材料在太阳能利用方面将具有巨大潜力.     

一种新的光致变色膜：Na2WO4-PAA-Glycerol体系研究

A method for preparing Na₂WO₄-PAA-Glycerol photochromic films was reported. The film was composed of Na₂WO₄, PAA and Glycerol, which were coated on a glass substrate. The film turned blue in the sun, and bleached to transparent in the darkness. The UV-Visible spectra showed strong absorbance at 300～500 nm, and the ABS changed signifanctly at 500～800 nm. The film showed the best photochromic behavior when n_Na2WO4∶n_PAA is 4%～5%. The mechanism was suggested that after irradiation, poly tunstate produced by Na₂WO₄ and PAA formed the tungsten blues. The tungsten blues were bleached due to oxidation back to poly tunstate by oxygen. The film showed not only an excellent photochromism property with rapid response and good reversibility, but also the simple techniques and good stability.     

基于移动窗口的图像缩放算法

针对传统双线性插值法在缩小时需要预缩放,硬件实现复杂,成本高,提出了改进的基于移动窗口的缩放算法,其实现简单,成本低.用Matlab前期仿真表明缩放效果好.并对LED屏的"比例缩放"工程问题,详介了FPGA设计过程,给出了后期验证方案.