Effect of the Terminal Acceptor Unit on the Performance of Non-Fullerene Indacenodithiophene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells

Four acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A)-type molecules bearing indacenodithiophene as donating central core and various end-capping acceptor units have been designed and synthesised as n-type materials suitable for organic solar cells (OSCs). The studied optical and electrochemical properties supported by theoretical calculations revealed that the nature and the strength of the terminal groups exert a decisive influence on the polymer bulk-heterojunction OSC performance.     

Energy,Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Emergy-Based Exergoeconomic (Emergoeconomic) Analyses of a Biomass Combustion Waste Heat Recovery Organic Rankine Cycle

In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend toward the technical development of efficient energy system assessment tools owing to the growing energy demand and subsequent greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, in this paper, a comprehensive emergy-based exergoeconomic (emergoeconomic) method has been developed to study the biomass combustion waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle (BCWHR-ORC), taking into account thermodynamics, economics, and sustainability aspects. To this end, the system was formulated in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software, and then the exergy, exergoeconomic, and emergoeconomic analyses were conducted accordingly. The exergy analysis results revealed that the evaporator unit with 55.05 kilowatts and the turbine with 89.57% had the highest exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency, respectively. Based on the exergoeconomic analysis, the cost per exergy unit (c), and the cost rate (C˙) of the output power of the system were calculated to be 24.13 USD/GJ and 14.19 USD/h, respectively. Next, by applying the emergoeconomic approach, the monetary emergy content of the system components and the flows were calculated to evaluate the system’s sustainability. Accordingly, the turbine was found to have the highest monetary emergy rate of capital investment, equal to 5.43×1012 sej/h, and an output power monetary emergy of 4.77×104 sej/J. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the system’s overall performance characteristics from an exergoeconomic perspective, regarding the changes in the transformation coefficients (specific monetary emergy).     

Panel‐based stratified cluster sampling and analysis for photovoltaic outdoor measurements

We study a stratified multisite cluster‐sampling panel time series approach in order to analyse and evaluate the quality and reliability of produced items, motivated by the problem to sample and analyse multisite outdoor measurements from photovoltaic systems. The specific stratified sampling in spatial clusters reduces sampling costs and allows for heterogeneity as well as for the analysis of spatial correlations due to defects and damages that tend to occur in clusters. The analysis is based on weighted least squares using data‐dependent weights. We show that this does not affect consistency and asymptotic normality of the least squares estimator under the proposed sampling design under general conditions. The estimation of the relevant variance–covariance matrices is discussed in detail for various models including nested designs and random effects. The strata corresponding to damages or manufacturers are modelled via a quality feature by means of a threshold approach. The analysis of outdoor electroluminescence images shows that spatial correlations and local clusters may arise in such photovoltaic data. Further, relevant statistics such as the mean pixel intensity cannot be assumed to follow a Gaussian law. We investigate the proposed inferential tools in detail by simulations in order to assess the influence of spatial cluster correlations and serial correlations on the test's size and power. ©2016 The Authors. Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用近红外光谱法快速分析玉米青贮饲料青贮发酵品质

采用DA-7200型近红外光谱仪的近红外漫反射光谱技术建立了玉米青贮饲料发酵产物及总分定量分析模型.所建立的有机酸氨态氮总分近红外模型的检测结果优于乳酸、乙酸等6项发酵产物的近红外模型的检测结果.其中,有机酸氨态氮总分近红外模型的预测相关系数为0.8453,预测均差为10.3582.青贮品质的判断准确率为80.15％....     

基于可见-近红外光谱特征波长选择的土壤有机质快速检测研究

选择光谱特征波长进行建模可以减少冗余波长的干扰,提高模型的预测精度。采用小波阈值消噪法对采集的104个土壤样本光谱数据进行了预处理,并通过间隔偏最小二乘法、无信息变量消除、连续投影算法和群智能算法等9种方法筛选了建模波长。结果表明,小波阈值消噪法能有效降低光谱中的噪声。利用波长选择方法筛选建模波长不仅能减少建模变量的个数,而且还能提高模型的预测精度,特别是离散粒子群优化算法利用26个波长进行建模,预测决定系数达到了0.81,预测的相对标准误差为2.31。实验结果证明,通过对光谱波长进行选择不但可以降低模型的复杂度,还能有效预测土壤有机质达的含量。     

A Facile and Highly Efficient Approach to Obtain a Fluorescent Chromogenic Porous Organic Polymer for Lymphatic Targeting Imaging

Porous organic polymers have an open architecture, excellent stability, and tunable structural components, revealing great application potential in the field of fluorescence imaging, but this part of the research is still in its infancy. In this study, we aimed to tailor the physical and chemical characteristics of indocyanine green using sulfonic acid groups and conjugated fragments, and prepared amino-grafted porous polymers. The resulting material had excellent solvent and thermal stability, and possessed a relatively large pore structure with a size of 3.4 nm. Based on the synergistic effect of electrostatic bonding and π–π interactions, the fluorescent chromogenic agent, indocyanine green, was tightly incorporated into the pore cavity of POP solids through a one-step immersion method. Accordingly, the fluorescent chromogenic POP demonstrated excellent imaging capabilities in biological experiments. This preparation of fluorescent chromogenic porous organic polymer illustrates a promising application of POP-based solids in both fluorescence imaging and biomedicine applications.     

有机电解液聚苯胺-炭混合电容器性能研究

采用化学氧化法合成盐酸掺杂聚苯胺,经NaOH溶液去掺杂后制得本征态聚苯胺(PANI)。以PANI为正极材料,活性炭为负极材料,使用1 mol/L LiPF6/(DMC+EC)有机电解液组装了混合电容器。通过循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒流充放电、循环寿命及漏电流等手段,对混合电容器的电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明,充电截止电压在1.5 V时,电容器比容量最高可达36.0 F/g,1 100次充放电循环后比容量保持在初始容量的94.2%。     

顶空气相色谱法测定盐酸托莫西汀中有机溶剂残留量的研究

建立了盐酸托莫西汀中有机溶剂残留量的顶空气相色谱分析方法.选用大口径HP-快速GC残留溶剂柱为分离柱,FID为检测器,外标法进行定量,并对顶空平衡温度、平衡时间、供试品溶液的制备方法对残留有机溶剂测定的影响进行了研究.甲醇、乙醚、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃的线性范围分别为 0.41～8.10 μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.15～3.00 μg/mL(r=0.9995)、0.20～4.01 μg/mL(r=0.9991)、0.32～6.35 μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.36～7.11 μg/mL(r=0.9999);平均回收率范围96.30%～105.47%,精密度RSD(n=6)2.1%～3.7%;检出限分别为0.2、0.008、0.003、0.04、0.04 μg/mL.     

Identification of Biomarker Volatile Organic Compounds Released by Three Stored-Grain Insect Pests in Wheat

Monitoring and early detection of stored-grain insect infestation is essential to implement timely and effective pest management decisions to protect stored grains. We report a reliable analytical procedure based on headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to assess stored-grain infestation through the detection of volatile compounds emitted by insects. Four different fibre coatings were assessed; 85 µm CAR/PDMS had optimal efficiency in the extraction of analytes from wheat. The headspace profiles of volatile compounds produced by Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), and Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus), either alone or with wheat, were compared with those of non-infested wheat grains. Qualitative analysis of chromatograms showed the presence of different volatile compound profiles in wheat with pest infestation compared with the wheat controls. Wheat-specific and insect-specific volatile compounds were identified, including the aggregation pheromones, dominicalure-1 and dominicalure-2, from R. dominica, and benzoquinones homologs from T. castaneum. For the first time, the presence of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone was reported from S. granarius, which might function as an alarm pheromone. These identified candidate biomarker compounds can be utilized in insect surveillance and monitoring in stored grain to safeguard our grain products in future.     

无氧溅射方法制备OLED的ITO透明电极

采用氧化铟锡(ITO)合金材料作为靶材,通过射频磁控溅射制备ITO膜.将获得的ITO膜应用于结构为ITO/m-MTDATA(30 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/Alq3(50 nm)LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(100 nm)的有机电致发光器件(OLED),得到了最大亮度为11560 cd/m2(电压为25V)、最大效率为2.52 cd/A(电压为14 V)的结果.为了获得双面发光,制作了结构为ITO/m-MTDATA(30 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/Alq3(50 nm)LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(20 nm)/ITO(50 nm)的器件,其阳极出光的最大亮度为14460 cd/m2(电压为18V)、最大效率为2.16 cd/A(电压为12V),阴极出光的最大亮度为1 263 cd/m2(电压为19 V)、最大效率为0.26 cd/A(电压为16V).