从奎宁到白三烯——-试论有机化学在医学科学中的重要作用

有机化学,特别是天然有机化学,是和医学科学密切相关的,有机化学的成就在许多方面促进了医学科学的进步,反过来医学科学中提出的课题也推动了有机化学的发展。本文以抗疟药等天然药物和廿碳酸类等生理活性物质为例讨论了这两门学科间的一些关系。     

溶剂蒸气对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯作用的差示扫描量热研究

用差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了几种有机溶剂蒸气对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)的作用,表明可分为反应性的和非反应性的两种。同时,对于非反应性的作用,依冷结晶峰面积的变化,又可分为三种类型:冷结晶峰面积不变,经诱导期后下降,无诱导期而迅速下降。双冷结晶峰现象在一些非反应性溶剂处理过的PET试样的DSC曲线也观察到。     

水/有机两相体系中催化氧化反应的研究进展

论述了水／有机两相体系中催化氧化反应的一些最新进展。由于采用水溶性催化剂，使得水／有机两相体系中的催化反应具有催化剂与产物容易分离的优点。阐述了水溶性催化剂在催化氧化反应中的应用，列举了一些典型的水溶性配体、水溶性催化剂以及催化氧化反应实例。参考文献21篇。     

用XPS研究我国一些煤中有机硫的存在形态

本文用电子能谱（xps）方法研究了我国九个不同牌号煤中有机硫的存在形态，并得到这些煤中各种不同形态硫的结合能数据。根据Lindberg等人所做模型化合物结果，给出了这些煤中硫元素结构能的化学归属。各种煤中硫的存在形态是不同的，有硫醇、硫醚、双硫醚、硫杂环、硫桥和取代基上的硫等。这一研究结果为今后研究煤的分子结构及脱硫方法提供了重要的科学依据。     

过硼酸钠对于有机物的氧化作用的研究 II: 氧化偶氮硝基苯类的合成

作者曾报道过硼酸钠在醋酸溶液中可使芳氨基氧化成硝基;McKillop等曾报道将过硼酸钠用于官能团的氧化;Huestis曾报道在冰醋酸溶液中用过硼酸钠将芳胺氧化成偶氮苯。这些都表明过硼酸钠是一种优良的氧化剂,反应条件温和、选择性强、氧化剂本身。价廉且其还原后所生成的硼酸钠易于处理和排放。因此,值得深入研究其应用范围。我们在此则报道一组以过硼酸钠为氧化剂,使芳胺氧化成氧化偶氮苯的条件。最近我们发现,在乙醇-磷酸体系中,过硼酸钠能顺     

Solubilization and applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes into aqueous and organic media by the use of nanometer size-controlled fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomeric aggregates

We have studied on the solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs) into aqueous and organic media by the use of a variety of nanometer size-controlled fluorinated self-assemblies, which were formed by the aggregations of end-capped fluoroalkyl segments in fluoroalkyl end-capped acrylic acid oligomers [R_F-(ACA)_n-R_F], N,N-dimethylacrylamide oligomers [R_F-(DMAA)_n-R_F], acryloylmorpholine oligomers [R_F-(ACMO)_n-R_F], and N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide oligomers [R_F-(DOBAA)_n-R_F]. Fluorinated self assemblies formed in organic media (colorless solutions) could solubilize SW-CNTs into organic media to afford the transparent pale yellow solutions. The dynamic light scattering measurements showed that the size of fluorinated self-assemblies increased after the solubilization of SW-CNTs into organic media. It was suggested that the solubilization of SW-CNTs into organic media is due to the encapsulation of SW-CNTs into fluorinated assemblies. Fluorinated assemblies were also able to solubilize SW-CNTs into water to give the transparent gray solutions. Among a variety of fluorinated assemblies, fluorinated assemblies formed by R_F-(ACMO)_n-R_F [R_F = CF(CF₃)OC₆F₁₃] oligomer was more effective for the solubilization of SW-CNTs into both aqueous and organic media. Contact angle measurements of dodecane and the fluorescence spectra for poly(methyl methacrylate) cast film modified by fluorinated self-assemblies—SW-CNTs complexes showed that SW-CNTs are dispersed above the PMMA surface.     

Simultaneous determination of carbohydrates and organic acids in beer and wine by ion chromatography

The simultaneous determination of mono-organic acids and carbohydrates by ion chromatography with both conductometric and pulsed amperometric detection is described. The carbohydrates, such as mannitol, arabinose, glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, raffinose, and maltose, as well as monoorganic acids including acetate, glycolate, formate, pyruvate, and fluoride are separated as anions by ion-exchange chromatography with 0.080 mol/L sodium hydroxide eluent at 1 mL/min within 12 min. Carbohydrates are determined by pulsed amperometric detection and mono-organic acids are determined by suppressed conductivity detection. The species in beverages are determined.     

Photovoltaic Characteristics of a Naphthylamine Derivative

Organic photovoltaic （OPV） cells were fabricated via vacuum vapor deposition with {4-[2-（3-di-cyanomethylidene-5,5-dimethylcyclohexenyl）vinyl]phenyl}di（1-naphthyl）amine （DNP-2CN） as the electron donor, and fullerene （C60） as the electron acceptor. A thin film （10 nm） of tris（8-quinolinolato）aluminum （Alq3） was adopted as the buffer layer. A device based on this DNP-2CN exhibited an open circuit voltage （Voc） of 370 mV, a short-circuit current density （Jsc） of 0.61 mAocm 2, and a white-light power conversion efficiency （ η） of 0.09% （AM1.5, 75 mW.cm^- 2）.     

Simple diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopic determination of organic pigments (fringelites) in fossils

To screen for organic pigments, like fringelites or porphyrins, in sediments and fossil specimen, a simple diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopic determination was developed. In contrast to common inorganic pigments, like Fe₂O₃, these pigments exhibit well-structured characteristic absorption peaks which allow their recognition. This method was then used to identify fringelite H in a non-crinoidSolenopora species from the Jurassic. Reflectance FTIR spectroscopy proved not to be useful for this purpose.     

Adsorption of organic substances on broken clay surfaces: a quantum chemical study

Hydrogen-bonded interactions between local defect structures on broken clay surfaces modeled as molecular clusters and the organic molecules acetic acid, acetate, and N-methylacetamide (NMA) have been investigated. Density functional theory and polarized basis sets have been used for the computation of optimized interaction complexes and formation energies. The activity of the defect structures has been characterized as physical or chemical in terms of the strength of the hydrogen bonds formed. Chemical defects lead to significantly enhanced interactions with stronger hydrogen bonds and larger elongation of OH bonds in comparison to the physical defects. The type of interaction with the defect structure significantly influences the planarity of the model peptide bond in NMA. Both cases, enhancement of the planarity by increase of the CN double bond character and strong deviations from planarity, are observed.