基于曲线拟合的毫米波雷达安装角度校准方法

毫米波雷达的安装角度校准是雷达正常使用并与摄像头进行数据融合的重要前提,雷达安装角度偏 转过大会导致雷达数据与摄像头数据融合失败,影响高级驾驶辅助系统(Advanced Driving Assistance System,ADAS) 的正常使用。文中提出一种基于曲线拟合的毫米波雷达安装角度校准方法,当车辆在道路上行驶时辅以车辆输入 的车速和偏航角信息,通过2000 个静止点进行曲线拟合得到雷达需要补偿的角度。相较于选择有护栏的道路进行 绕行和在标定场地部署角反射器进行安装角度校准的方法,这种方法适用的场景种类更多并且校准时间从15 分钟 以上缩短为5 分钟以下。经过实验验证,在花费更短时间完成校准后,校准精度与其它自校准方法相同为±5°。     

轨道角动量光束非线性转换研究进展北大核心CSCD

轨道角动量(OAM)是光的一个重要的自由度。由于携带OAM的光束具有特殊的强度相位分布以及力学效应,使得此类光束在高速光通信、测量、成像、光镊和量子信息中具有广泛的应用。关于OAM光束在准相位匹配晶体(QPM)中的频率变换研究,一方面可以研究OAM光束参与非线性相互作用时与高斯光束不同的物理机制;另一方面,非线性过程提供了多种有效的光场调控手段,可以实现携带OAM光场不同自由度的精细调控,为满足不同的光学应用奠定基础。综述了近十年来OAM光束在QPM晶体中的非线性转换研究主要进展,具体包括:非线性过程中OAM光束的守恒、传输、演化和干涉行为研究,高效率的OAM激光和单光子态频率转换研究,OAM频率转换效率模式非依赖性研究,矢量光束的频率转换研究,以及无后向选择的高维OAM纠缠态的制备研究。最后讨论和展望了OAM在QPM晶体中频率转换方面的未来研究趋势。     

基于强化学习的列车驾驶曲线节能优化算法

在保证安全和准时性的前提下,自动化列车运行可以有效减少列车耗能。为了灵活应对列车运行种的动态变化,提出了一种基于强化学习的方法,可以优化列车控制策略且不采用之前关于列车动力学的知识和设计的列车速度曲线。这个优化模型将列车节能作为目标,把准点到达、列车限速、停车位置作为限制条件。大量的列车运行经验可以被用来训练深度神经网络直到得到最优化行为价值函数,通过对训练过的神经网络输入状态,可以准确输出每个行为的价值,然后再根据行为价值的大小来选择最优的驾驶策略。     

Optimal error estimates of a locally one-dimensional method for the multidimensional heat equation

For the multidimensional heat equation in a parallelepiped, optimal error estimates inL ₂(Q) are derived. The error is of the order of +¦h¦² for any right-hand sidef L ₂(Q) and any initial function ; for appropriate classes of less regularf andu ₀, the error is of the order of ((+¦h¦² ), 1/2<1.Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 185–197, August, 1996.     

A note on smoothed estimating functions

The kernel estimate of regression function in likelihood based models has been studied in Staniswalis (1989,J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.,84, 276–283). The notion of optimal estimation for the nonparametric kernel estimation of semimartingale intensity (t) is proposed. The goal is to arrive at a nonparametric estimate of ₀=(t ₀) for a fixed pointt ₀ [0, 1]. We consider the estimator that is a solution of the smoothed optimal estimating equation is the optimal estimating function as in Thavaneswaran and Thompson (1986,J. Appl. Probab.,23, 409–417).     

Evidence of a phase transition of RbHCO3 from high-resolution solid-state 13C and 87Rb NMR by comparison with KHCO3

A variable-temperature high-resolution 13C and 87Rb solid-state NMR study of powder rubidium hydrogencarbonate, RbHCO3, is presented for the first time. At ambient temperature, RbHCO3 is formed by centrosymmetric dimers linked by hydrogen bonds, but almost no information is available on this compound concerning proton disorder and the low-temperature phase. However, potassium hydrogencarbonate, KHCO3, which has an isomorphic structure for the high temperature phase, was well studied: it undergoes a non-ferroic, non-ferroelectric phase transition at Tc = 318 K between two monoclinic structures. The protons are disordered in an asymmetric double-well potential in the low-temperature phase, and the double-well potential becomes symmetric in the high-temperature phase. By comparison with recent solid-state NMR experimental results on KHCO3, we show that RbHCO3 undergoes a phase transition at Tc approximately 245 K, and give evidence that the proton dynamic disorder in both compounds is very similar.     

Novel fluorinated block copolymer architectures fuelled by atom transfer radical polymerization

Block copolymers based on poly(pentafluorostyrene), PFS, in various numbers and of different lengths, and polystyrene are prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Di- and triblock copolymers with varying amounts of PFS were synthesized employing either 1-phenylethylbromide or 1,4-dibromoxylene as initiators for ATRP. Diverse bromo(ester) (macro)initiators were also devised and involved in the formulation of fluorinated pentablock as well as amphiphilic triblock copolymers with a central polyether segment. Amphiphilic star-shaped fluoropolymers, hydrophobic fluorinated nanoparticles, or segmented fluorinated star-shaped block copolymers are further designed by use of different multifunctional initiators. The composition of the novel materials with PFS is determined by combination of SEC and ¹H NMR. Glass transition temperatures and thermal stabilities of the hydrophobic star-shaped PFSs on a six arm dipentaerythritol core are investigated in a wide range of molecular masses and further discussed.     

The effect of interface deformation due to gravity on line tension measurement by the capillary rise in a conical tube

Much research has been done on line tension measurement and interpretation, and attempts have also been made to measure line tension with simple, cheap and reliable methods that do not require excessive sophistication. Of particular interest is the method of determining line tensions of solid–liquid–vapor systems from the capillary rise in a conical tube. This simple and relatively inexpensive method gives line tension values comparable to those reported in the literature obtained via highly sophisticated instruments or techniques such as the well known axisymmetric drop shape analysis technique. The absolute value of line tension obtained using the conical tube method and assuming a spherical liquid–vapor interface is larger but of the same order of magnitude (1 μJ m⁻¹) as that reported in the literature. A theoretical analysis presented herein shows that by including the deformation of the liquid–vapor interface due to gravity in the conical capillary analysis, the line tension value inferred from the experimental data is reduced by approximately 50% and compares better with values in the literature obtained using other sophisticated methods. Thus a relatively simple, cheap, accurate and reliable method of line tension measurement has been advanced.     

Paracrystalline order in polymers

Summary A brief review of one and three dimensional models of paracrystalline superstructures in polymers, as used for analysing the small angle scattering, is given.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird ein knapper überblick über die bei der Analyse der Kleinwinkelstreuung von Polymeren verwendeten einund dreidimensionalen Modelle der Überstruktur gegeben.

     

A discrete method of optimal control based upon the cell state space concept

A discrete method of optimal control is proposed in this paper. The continuum state space of a system is discretized into a cell state space, and the cost function is discretized in a similar manner. Assuming intervalwise constant controls and using a finite set of admissible control levels (u) and a finite set of admissible time intervals (), the motion of the system under all possible interval controls (u, ) can then be expressed in terms of a family of cell-to-cell mappings. The proposed method extracts the optimal control results from these mappings by a systematic search, culminating in the construction of a discrete optimal control table.The possibility of expressing the optimal control results in the form of a control table seems to give this method a means to make systems real-time controllable.Dedicated to G. LeitmannThe material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. MEA-82-17471. The author is also indebted to Professor G. Leitmann for his many helpful comments.