石油亚砜馏分的色谱法分离

用经典硅胶柱色谱法将石油亚砜ＰＳＯ分离为４个馏分,对其中的第３个馏分进行了高效制备液相色谱的分离制备。通过大量的试验,建立了较好的色谱条件：以甲醇、水混合液为流动相,以Ｃ_（１８）反相柱为固定相,把ＰＳＯ３分离成７个不同的馏分。对其中的两个馏分ＰＳＯ３_ｃ和ＰＳＯ３_ｅ作进一步的色谱分离和纯化后,获得较纯的亚砜馏分,用作结构分析和性能研究。     

国内非牛顿流体力学进展

非牛顿流体;;本构方程;;流变测量;;流动稳定性;;收缩流动;;聚合物加工;;石油工业;;生物流体力学     

烟煤与重质油共处理的研究

煤与重质油的共处理是最有希望实现“由煤制油”的第三代煤液化新工艺之一。我国目前炼油厂每年有四、五千万吨石油渣油产出,只有一小部分用作制氢或合成气的生产原料以及生产沥青或石油焦,其余大部分用于工业燃料［１］。如将减压渣油与煤进行共处理,共同提质,提高其...     

Proper Tuning of Comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC) to Optimize the Separation of Complex Oil Fractions

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) is an utterly suitable separation technique for the analysis of complex samples, such as oil fractions. Once the two columns and the operating conditions are properly tuned, the technique is able to provide a detailed characterization of such materials. Some considerations applying to the tuning of a GC×GC system for a specific separation are presented and discussed. The authors present a number of different column sets and conditions which allow the separation of a non‐aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, a kerosene, the light end of a crude oil, and an olefinic fraction, respectively. The highly structured GC×GC chromatograms, together with chemical knowledge about the samples, provide a much more comprehensive characterization of the samples than hitherto possible.     

Grid convergence studies for the prediction of hurricane storm surge

The focus of this paper is a systematic determination of the relationship between grid resolution and errors associated with computations of hurricane storm surge. A grid structure is sought that provides the spatial resolution necessary to capture pertinent storm surge physics and does not overdiscretize. A set of numerical experiments simulating storm surge generation over 14 grid discretizations of idealized domains examines the influence of grid spacing, shoreline detail, coastline resolution and characteristics of the meteorological forcing on storm surge computations. Errors associated with a given grid are estimated using a Richardson-based error estimator. Analysis of the magnitude and location of estimated errors indicates that underresolution on the continental shelf leads to significant overprediction of the primary storm surge. In deeper waters, underresolution causes smearing or damping of the inverted barometer forcing function, which in turn results in underprediction of the surge elevation. In order to maintain a specified error level throughout the duration of the storm, the highest grid resolution is required on the continental shelf and particularly in nearshore areas. The disparity of discretization requirements between deep waters and coastal regions is best met using a graded grid. Application of the graded gridding strategy to the hindcast of Hurricane Camille reinforces the necessity of using a grid that has high levels of resolution in nearshore regions and areas of complex coastal geometry. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用于实时分析的光谱学方法

针对目前用于实时成分分析的几种光谱学方法 (傅立叶变换红外光谱、傅立叶变换拉曼光谱、近红外光谱 ) ,对这些能够进行实时分析的光谱方法的基本原理和仪器结构进行了说明 ,并以其在石油化工领域中的应用为例 ,比较了各自的特点和使用效果 ,从而得出 ,近红外光谱方法有着适于在线分析应用的独特优点。目前外光谱仪作为用于工业现场的专用在线分析测量系统 ,正在向集成化与小型化方向发展     

Interfacial p-n heterojunction of polyaniline-nickel ferrite nanocomposite as room temperature liquefied petroleum gas sensor

In this work, we introduce polyaniline–nickel ferrite (PANI-NF) nanostructured composite to detect liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at room temperature. The composite synthesized by relatively simple method of in-situ chemical polymerization was structurally characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The presence of characteristic absorption bands of both PANI and NF in the FTIR spectrum of the composite with small shifts confirmed interfacial interaction of PANI with NF. The XRD studies also confirmed interfacial interaction between PANI and NF in the composite and its crystalline nature with an average crystallite size of 20 nm. Highly agglomerated granular porous morphology favourable for LPG adsorption was revealed by SEM image of the composite. The TEM image of the composite clearly showed nanosized NF particles embedded in PANI matrix. The LPG sensing performance of the composite at room temperature was tested using a film prepared by depositing the composite on an ordinary glass substrate by cost-effective spin coating technique. The maximum sensing response of the composite was found to be 57% at 700 ppm of LPG, with a response time of 50 s and a recovery time of 200 s. The composite was found to be stable for a period of one month. The sensing mechanism has been discussed on the basis of formation of interfacial p–n heterojunction barrier.     

雷达回波资料反演海洋波导中观测值权重的确定

提出采用一种与电磁波传播损耗相类似的指数衰减形式来描绘观测值权重随距离的变化,结合标准的统计反演算法来测试不同的观测值权值对反演速度与精度的影响.结果表明,指数衰减形式能较好地描绘观测值权值随距离的变化情况;其中衰减指数的选取是关键.合理地选取衰减指数可较好地改进反演的速度与精度.对于不同频率的电磁波,最优衰减指数是各不相同的. 关键词： 海洋波导 观测值权重 衰减指数 反演算法     

ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上液化石油气低温芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油

 考察了反应温度、空速、压力、临氢条件以及催化剂的水热处理条件对液化石油气在ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上低温芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油反应性能的影响. 结果表明,反应温度和空速对催化剂的催化性能有明显影响,提高反应温度有利于提高芳烃的选择性,同时芳烃中的苯、甲苯和C10+芳烃含量增加; 增大进料空速,催化剂的芳构化性能下降,芳烃中的重组分增加,二甲苯中对二甲苯含量增大. 催化剂的水热处理温度升高,其初始芳构化活性下降,而催化剂经过适当的水热处理和系统中氢气的存在均可提高催化剂催化芳构化反应的稳定性.     

微含量石油类污染物三维荧光光谱及平行因子解析

为解决微含量石油类污染物识别问题,采用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)与平行因子(PARAFAC)相结合的技术,研究了石油类样品荧光组分特征及平行因子组分识别方法。依据水体中石油类含量的标准规定,配制出与Ⅰ—Ⅴ类水体对应的CCL₄含油样品,用来模拟油类污染物成分。首先对97#汽油、0#柴油、普通煤油及CCL₄溶剂进行三维荧光光谱扫描,得到纯组分样品的三维荧光光谱图,其次对97#汽油、0#柴油及普通煤油的标准样品进行三维荧光光谱图测定,最后对97#汽油、0#柴油、普通煤油在CCL₄溶剂中的混合样品进行三维荧光光谱图测定。在掌握上述不同组分样品的三维荧光光谱特性的基础上,重点分析微含量下97#汽油、0#柴油及煤油混合液的三维荧光光谱,应用平行因子方法解析出样品中三种组分的激发与发射特征光谱以及组分间的浓度比。解决了混合样品荧光光谱出现叠加,用化学分离或单纯荧光分析方法较难识别荧光组分的问题,实现了对微含量含油混合样品的主要组分的识别,并得到混合样品溶液中不同组分间浓度比。