多种方法分析与评价乙酸乙酯合成实验中产物之纯度

采用气相色谱内标法、面积归一化法及NMR内标法3种方法对乙酸乙酯合成反应中的产物进行纯度分析.GC内标法可抵消由于操作条件的波动而带来的误差,只需内标物与待测组分在同样条件下出峰且分离度较好,定量精度高,测出的乙酸乙酯纯度最低;应用NMR内标法可同步完成纯度分析和结构鉴定,且无需引入校正因子,操作简便.     

Dual geometry of Cartan distribution

The paper is devoted to the study of intrinsic geometry of a Cartan distribution \(\mathcal{M}\) in projective space P_2m . We essentially use the hyperband distribution \(\mathcal{H}\) and P_2m associated with \(\mathcal{M}\). Using the duality theory, we construct, in the 4th differential neighborhood, a series of normalizations of \(\mathcal{M}\). We also consider dual affine connections \(\mathop \nabla \limits^1 \) and \(\mathop \nabla \limits^2 \) induced by the dual normalization of the Cartan distribution \(\mathcal{M}\).     

Combining multivariate analysis and geochemical approaches for assessing heavy metal level in sediments from Sudanese harbors along the Red Sea coast

Multivariate statistical analysis and geochemical approaches were exploited for the assessment of the level of some heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) in sediments from Sudanese harbors along the Red Sea coast. Principal component analysis, as a multivariate statistical analysis approach, was applied to identify contribution sources by heavy metals in sediments. While a single source (crustal) was recorded in the bulk sediments and coarse sediment grains (grain-size 1000-500 µm), two sources (crustal and anthropogenic) were recorded in fine sediment grains (grain-size < 500 µm). Furthermore, enrichment factor (EF), as a geochemical approach, appointed polluted sites by heavy metals in the study area. Based upon a previous study addressed the interpretation of EF values, minor to moderate anthropogenic enrichment were recorded in sediments from some sites in the study area. The main anthropogenic activities that believed to be the major sources of pollution by heavy metals in the study area are discharges from oil refinery, industry, shipping activity and domestic waste. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), as another multivariate statistical analysis approach, was applied for the concentrations of heavy metals in bulk sediments to group sediments according to their mineralogical composition. The output of HCA is that sediments from the Port-Sudan harbor can be divided mainly into three areas — east, west and south. For the Sawakin harbor, no apparent trend for the spatial distribution of heavy metals in sediments was recorded.     

基于人工鱼群算法的自适应随机共振方法研究

随机共振为微弱通信信号的检测提供了新途径.本文提出一种基于人工鱼群算法的自适应随机共振新方法,重点研究基于随机共振的微弱周期信号检测技术,将人工鱼群算法和归一化处理结合增强随机共振,适当添加噪声并设定自适应步长策略及迭代停止条件.理论分析和仿真结果表明,对比传统群智能算法处理随机共振其在算法适应性及稳定性、最佳共振精确度、寻优收敛速度、精度方面有明显提升,并为信噪比增益带来3-5dB的提升,运算时间复杂度降低逾70%.     

基于压电智能骨料的套筒灌浆料早期强度监测

针对实际工程中套筒灌浆料早期强度发展的监测需求,基于压电波动法原理,提出一种利用压电智能骨料监测套筒灌浆料早期强度的方法,并进行套筒灌浆料早期强度监测试验研究。通过实验发现,在龄期前5天智能骨料监测信号幅值衰减迅速,灌浆料强度则迅速增长,随后二者随龄期的变化逐渐减缓,最终趋于稳定,说明智能骨料监测信号幅值的变化趋势能很好地反映灌浆料强度的发展趋势。将监测信号幅值和灌浆料实测强度值进行归一化处理,并分别利用一元三次多项式函数、指数函数和幂函数进行数据拟合分析,通过对比拟合优度参数得出一元三次多项式函数的拟合效果最优,最后给出基于压电智能骨料的套筒灌浆料早期强度无损监测方法的标准条件及标准方程,为实际工程应用提供参考。     

Statistical properties of two-dimensional periodic Lorentz gas with infinite horizon

We study the asymptotic statistical behavior of the 2-dimensional periodic Lorentz gas with an infinite horizon. We consider a particle moving freely in the plane with elastic reflections from a periodic set of fixed convex scatterers. We assume that the initial position of the particle in the phase space is random with uniform distribution with respect to the Liouville measure of the periodic problem. We are interested in the asymptotic statistical behavior of the particle displacement in the plane as the timet goes to infinity. We assume that the particle horizon is infinite, which means that the length of free motion of the particle is unbounded. Then we show that under some natural assumptions on the free motion vector autocorrelation function, the limit distribution of the particle displacement in the plane is Gaussian, but the normalization factor is (t logt)^1/2 and nott ^1/2 as in the classical case. We find the covariance matrix of the limit distribution.     

Online Blind Channel Normalization Using BPF‐Based Modulation Frequency Filtering

We propose a new bandpass filter (BPF)‐based online channel normalization method to dynamically suppress channel distortion when the speech and channel noise components are unknown. In this method, an adaptive modulation frequency filter is used to perform channel normalization, whereas conventional modulation filtering methods apply the same filter form to each utterance. In this paper, we only normalize the two mel frequency cepstral coefficients (C0 and C1) with large dynamic ranges; the computational complexity is thus decreased, and channel normalization accuracy is improved. Additionally, to update the filter weights dynamically, we normalize the learning rates using the dimensional power of each frame. Our speech recognition experiments using the proposed BPF‐based blind channel normalization method show that this approach effectively removes channel distortion and results in only a minor decline in accuracy when online channel normalization processing is used instead of batch processing.     

基于编辑距离和相似度改进的汉字字符串匹配

为解决中文字符串匹配精度较低的问题,提出了一种基于编辑距离和相似度改进的汉字字符串近似匹配算法,针对汉字字符串特点,使用汉字拼音和五笔编码计算;通过改进动态规划算法,能够有效提高编辑距离的计算准确度以及执行效率;再引入考虑交换问题的归一化算法,以语义编辑距离与长句长度的比值作为归一化结果,以此来提高近似匹配算法的准确度。实验结果表明,改进后算法计算的相似度质量要优于改进前的算法结果,且对提高算法效率和查全率、查准率和时间性能等指标均有明显改善,证明该算法的可行性和有效性。     

Convex mean curvature flow with a forcing term in direction of the position vector

A smooth, compact and strictly convex hypersurface evolving in ℝ ⁿ⁺¹ along its mean curvature vector plus a forcing term in the direction of its position vector is studied in this paper. We show that the convexity is preserving as the case of mean curvature flow, and the evolving convex hypersurfaces may shrink to a point in finite time if the forcing term is small, or exist for all time and expand to infinity if it is large enough. The flow can converge to a round sphere if the forcing term satisfies suitable conditions which will be given in the paper. Long-time existence and convergence of normalization of the flow are also investigated.     

多尺度核局部归一化的红外图像背景抑制

为解决红外图像弱小目标检测技术中的云层和地物等复杂自然背景抑制这一难题,提出了一种基于多尺度核归一化策略的弱小目标复杂背景抑制新方法。首先,采用波原子变换对图像进行尺度和方向分解,提取图像的多尺度和方向细节特征;然后,根据目标和背景杂波信号子带系数之间的差异,对波原子变换后各子带系数采用设计的核局部归一化调整函数进行修改,以达到有效地抑制原始图像中背景边缘、轮廓和纹理等信息和增强目标信号系数强度的目的;最后,重构调整后各个子带系数获得抑制背景后的目标图像。实验结果显示,与小波和最大中值滤波方法相比较,该方法对包含弱小目标的红外复杂背景都具有良好抑制效果,信杂比增益和背景抑制因子分别提高到3倍和4倍以上。