Nano-emulsification of oriental lacquer sap by ultrasonic wave propagation: Improvement of thin-film characteristics as a natural resin

Lacquer sap has received much attention as a traditional natural resin because it is a renewable and eco-friendly biopolymer resource unlike artificial coating materials. However, strict drying conditions and long drying times of lacquer sap should be modified to expand its applications. This study presents the first attempt to investigate the effect of different amplitudes of ultrasonic waves on the lacquer sap composed of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion droplets and the mechanical properties of the resultant film by solvent evaporation. Acoustically induced cavitation via batch ultrasonication facilitates the generation of submicron-sized W/O emulsion. The drying time of sonicated lacquer sap was noticeably shortened as the amplitude of acoustic power increased. Interestingly, the transparency of the film cast from lacquer sap consisting of the smallest emulsion droplets increased significantly, weakening the degree of colour change from caramel-like yellow to dark brown as polymerisation progressed. These are attributed to the effective and frequent contact of laccase enzyme with urushiol at the increased interfacial area of nano-emulsified W/O droplets pulverised by ultrasonic waves. The quinone radical-generation in the interface layer and its transfer to the urushiol oil phase through water-insoluble glycoprotein emulsifier are greatly promoted, resulting in highly cross-linked, dense three-dimensional polymer networks, which also increased the lacquer film hardness after drying. As the emulsion droplet size decreased, the mutual interaction between the catechol moiety of urushiol and the substrates increased, resulting in improved adhesion. The nano-emulsification of the lacquer sap by ultrasonic waves can be used in a simple, effective, and eco-friendly way to shorten the drying time and improve the film characteristics of natural resins. This approach could pave the way for its wide range of applications in industrial fields, taking into account green and sustainable chemistry.     

封装用铜框架表面化学组成和粘接强度

电子封装用铜框架表面采用不同温度处理,与电子封装用环氧材料复合制备用于拉伸测试的Tap pull样品。XPS分析表明,一般铜框架表面成分包括一价的氧化亚铜和二价的氢氧化铜等。175℃热处理120 min可使表面的二价氧化铜质量分数达到73%,氧化铜和表面约20%的氢氧化铜一起显著提高界面的粘接性能。     

真空中GCr15钢球／CVD Cr7C3镀层钢盘摩擦副摩擦振动的研究

作者在对GCr15钢球/CVDCr_7C_3镀层钢盘摩擦副于大气中滑动干摩擦引起的摩擦振动进行考察分析的基础上,本文又对这种摩擦副在真空(6.67×10~(-3)Pa)中的摩擦振动特性进行了试验研究。试件系统为低刚度和小阻尼的弹性系统。试验信号由微机采集、处理并进行频谱分析。结果表明,真空中摩擦力振动的类型呈准谐波周期性自持振动,其与正压力及拖动速度无关,振动频率接近于系统在水平方向上的固有频率;摩擦副运动的平稳性与平均滑动摩擦系数接近反比例关系;真空中摩擦力的粘着分量是使摩擦振动加剧的主要原因;钢球的磨损体积与摩擦振动特性无关。     

Dynamic Study of Deformation and Adhesion of an Amorphous Polyethylene/Graphene Interface: A Simulation Study

In this paper, molecular dynamics tensile simulations of an amorphous polyethylene/graphene (PE/G) interface are carried out to investigate its adhesion strength. The effect of PE chain length and number and functionalization of G surface on the tensile behavior and interfacial adhesion is studied. The results show that the adhesion strength enhances with increasing chain length and number of the PE chains. In addition, the functionalization of G surface causes an increase in the adhesion strength comparing to unfunctionalized G due to deformation of a larger volume of the PE chains relying on the functionalized G. The contribution of bond length, bond angle, torsional potentials, and nonbonded energy is estimated as a function of interface elongation to clarify the deformation mechanisms within different tensile regions. The energy partitioning results indicate that the elastic, yield, and early postyielding regions are mostly controlled by the nonbonded interactions. However, the dihedral motions of the chains in addition to nonbonded interactions show a significant role in the disentanglement region, a part of postyielding and separation region. Furthermore, the simulation results exhibit how the internal mechanism associated with density profile, chain entanglements, and ordering can be evolved with increasing the interface elongation.

     

Stress-induced interfacial failure in filled polymer melts

We study a dynamic interfacial slip phenomenon in filled polymer melts. When a poly(dimethyl siloxane) melt of weight average molecular weight M _w = 93 700 is mixed with glass beads of diameter up to 45 m, the sample shows some evidence of breakdown of interfacial adhesion between the glass beads and the PDMS matrix at a level of oscillatory stress under which the pure PDMS melt exhibits no decay. The decay of viscoelastic properties with time is essentially independent of the amplitude of shear strain as long as the magnitude of the oscillating stress is sufficiently high. It is suggested that much higher local stress than the apparent applied stress may be generated between the narrowly spaced beads. The interfacial slip was observable because it was measured against a natural length scale d in the filled polymer melts which is the filler size or the inter-filler distance and is much smaller than the dimensions of the flow cell. The decay under high stress and healing of interfacial adhesion upon a large reduction in stress may be related to the de-bonding and reformation of hydrogen bonds between the PDMS chains and the glass bead surfaces.     

Damage accumulation model for monotonic and dynamic shear fracture of asphalt-stone adhesion

A damage accumulation model for shear fatigue of asphalt-stone adhesion was developed with the aid of experimental data obtained from monotonic and dynamic force-controlled tests. Constant static- and stress-rate monotonic tests and cyclic fatigue tests were performed on the special designed specimens of double-layered-sandwich using dynamic thermal mechanics analyzer. Experimental results showed that it was feasible to describe monotonic and cyclic tests of stress-controlled mode using one single damage accumulation model based on stress–time path, which makes it possible to reduce the number of specimens tested and time-consuming fatigue tests are no longer necessary, since the same information can be obtained from monotonic test data without loss of accuracy. It also found that the bonding fracture in shear mainly attributes to cohesive failure through binder interlayer due to extensive creep deformation.     

Temperature‐Induced Switchable Adhesion using Nickel–Titanium–Polydimethylsiloxane Hybrid Surfaces

A switchable dry adhesive based on a nickel–titanium (NiTi) shape‐memory alloy with an adhesive silicone rubber surface has been developed. Although several studies investigate micropatterned, bioinspired adhesive surfaces, very few focus on reversible adhesion. The system here is based on the indentation‐induced two‐way shape‐memory effect in NiTi alloys. NiTi is trained by mechanical deformation through indentation and grinding to elicit a temperature‐induced switchable topography with protrusions at high temperature and a flat surface at low temperature. The trained surfaces are coated with either a smooth or a patterned adhesive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, resulting in a temperature‐induced switchable surface, used for dry adhesion. Adhesion tests show that the temperature‐induced topographical change of the NiTi influences the adhesive performance of the hybrid system. For samples with a smooth PDMS layer the transition from flat to structured state reduces adhesion by 56%, and for samples with a micropatterned PDMS layer adhesion is switchable by nearly 100%. Both hybrid systems reveal strong reversibility related to the NiTi martensitic phase transformation, allowing repeated switching between an adhesive and a nonadhesive state. These effects have been discussed in terms of reversible changes in contact area and varying tilt angles of the pillars with respect to the substrate surface.     

Flow‐Through Synthesis on Teflon‐Patterned Paper To Produce Peptide Arrays for Cell‐Based Assays

A simple method is described for the patterned deposition of Teflon on paper to create an integrated platform for parallel organic synthesis and cell‐based assays. Solvent‐repelling barriers made of Teflon‐impregnated paper confine organic solvents to specific zones of the patterned array and allow for 96 parallel flow‐through syntheses on paper. The confinement and flow‐through mixing significantly improves the peptide yield and simplifies the automation of this synthesis. The synthesis of 100 peptides ranging from 7 to 14 amino acids in length gave over 60 % purity for the majority of the peptides (>95 % yield per coupling/deprotection cycle). The resulting peptide arrays were used in cell‐based screening to identify 14 potent bioactive peptides that support the adhesion or proliferation of breast cancer cells in a 3D environment. In the future, this technology could be used for the screening of more complex phenotypic responses, such as cell migration or differentiation.     

Molecular Encryption and Reconfiguration for Remodeling of Dynamic Hydrogels

Dynamic materials have been widely studied for regulation of cell adhesion that is important to a variety of biological and biomedical applications. These materials can undergo changes mainly through one of the two mechanisms: ligand release in response to chemical, physical, or biological stimuli, and ligand burial in response to mechanical stretching or the change of electrical potential. This study demonstrates an encrypted ligand and a new hydrogel that are capable of inducing and inhibiting cell adhesion, which is controlled by molecular reconfiguration. The ligand initially exhibits an inert state; it can be reconfigured into active and inert states by using unblocking and recovering molecules in physiological conditions. Since molecular reconfiguration does not require the release of the ligand from the hydrogels, inhibiting and inducing cell adhesion on the hydrogels can be repeated for multiple cycles.     

丹红注射液对肝缺血- 再灌注损伤大鼠ICAM-1表达的影响

目的 研究丹红注射液对大鼠肝缺血- 再灌注损伤（HIRI）和细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法 24 只SD 大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham 组）、缺血- 再灌注组（I-R 组）和缺血- 再灌注丹红注射液预处理组（DH组）。阻断I-R、DH 组大鼠的门静脉、肝动脉和胆总管20min 后恢复血供,建立肝HIRI 模型。12h 后采血检测各组血清ALT 和AST的含量,显微镜下观察肝组织病理学改变,免疫组织化学法检测肝组织ICAM-1的表达。结果 I-R 组血清ALT、AST 水平较Sham组明显上升（P＜0.01）,肝组织病理学损害严重,ICAM-1 表达上调（P＜0.01）;DH 组ICAM-1表达则较I-R 组明显下调（P＜0.01）,ALT、AST 水平均下降（均P＜0.01）,肝组织病理学损害亦明显减轻。结论 丹红注射液能在一定程度上保护HIRI 后的肝组织,该作用可能与下调ICAM-1 的表达,减轻炎症反应有关。