Critical exponents,hyperscaling, and universal amplitude ratios for two- and three-dimensional self-avoiding walks

We make a high-precision Monte Carlo study of two- and three-dimensional self-avoiding walks (SAWs) of length up to 80,000 steps, using the pivot algorithm and the Karp-Luby algorithm. We study the critical exponentsv and 2 ₄ – as well as several universal amplitude ratios; in particular, we make an extremely sensitive test of the hyperscaling relationdv = 2 ₄ –. In two dimensions, we confirm the predicted exponentv=3/4 and the hyperscaling relation; we estimate the universal ratios <R _g ² >/<R _e ² >=0.14026±0.00007, <R _m ² >/<R _e ² >=0.43961±0.00034, and ^*=0.66296±0.00043 (68% confidence limits). In three dimensions, we estimatev=0.5877±0.0006 with a correctionto-scaling exponent ₁=0.56±0.03 (subjective 68% confidence limits). This value forv agrees excellently with the field-theoretic renormalization-group prediction, but there is some discrepancy for ₁. Earlier Monte Carlo estimates ofv, which were 0.592, are now seen to be biased by corrections to scaling. We estimate the universal ratios <R _g ² >/<R _e ² >=0.1599±0.0002 and ^*=0.2471±0.0003; since ^*>0, hyperscaling holds. The approach to ^* is from above, contrary to the prediction of the two-parameter renormalization-group theory. We critically reexamine this theory, and explain where the error lies. In an appendix, we prove rigorously (modulo some standard scaling assumptions) the hyperscaling relationdv = 2 ₄ – for two-dimensional SAWs.     

Determination of the partition coefficients of the nonionic detergent C12E7 between lipid-detergent mixed membranes and water by means of Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy

The membrane-water partition coefficient of the detergent C₁₂E₇ between water and C₁₂E₇/POPC mixed membranes has been determined by means of steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The emission spectra of the fluorescent probe Laurdan were used as an indicator of membrane composition at different membrane concentrations in the sample. The partition coefficient expressed as the ratio of the mole fractions of the detergent in the membrane and water phases is about 6^*10⁵ at low molar ratios of C₁₂E₇/POPC (R _c ) and decreases rapidly with increasingR _c . The limiting detergent content of the lamellar phase (R _c ^* >0.8) is indicated by a minimum ofP(R _c ).     

GaN压电半导体杆的非线性动态响应研究

利用有限元分析方法,研究了p型GaN压电半导体杆在简谐力作用下的拉伸振动问题,得到了位移、电势和空穴浓度非线性动态响应的数值解,并分析了简谐力对p型GaN压电半导体杆力电耦合性能的调控作用。研究结果表明,简谐力显著地影响压电半导体杆内力电场的分布情况:由于电流密度中的电非线性项,电场和空穴浓度的分布失去对称性或反对称性;力电场在简谐力驱动下表现为周期性变化,但空穴浓度的动态响应表现为明显的非对称波动。     

雪崩光电探测器的击穿效应模型分析

基于CMOS工艺制备了空穴触发的Si基雪崩探测器(APD),基于不同工作温度下器件的击穿特性,建立空穴触发的雪崩器件的击穿效应模型。根据雪崩击穿模型和击穿电压测试结果,拟合曲线得到击穿电场与温度的关系参数(dE/dT),器件在250～320 K区间内,击穿电压与温度是正温度系数,器件发生雪崩击穿为主,dV/dT=23.3 mV/K,其值是由倍增区宽度以及载流子碰撞电离系数决定的。在50～140 K工作温度下,击穿电压是负温度系数,器件发生隧道击穿,dV/dT=-58.2 mV/K,其值主要受雪崩区电场的空间延伸和峰值电场两方面因素的影响。     

5G光载无线通信前传系统数字预失真线性化研究

第五代移动通信系统新空口(5G NR)的信号带宽、调制度和峰均比相比4G信号高很多。用于小蜂窝或微蜂窝基站组网的光载无线通信(Radio-over-Fiber, RoF)前传系统的非线性失真也更加严重。为了使5G NR信号线性传输,采用记忆多项式(Memory Polynomial, MP)和广义记忆多项式(Generalized Memory Polynomial, GMP)模型构建数字预失真器,矫正5G RoF前传系统的非线性。在实验中搭建了2 km光纤的RoF前传系统,并采用100 MHz带宽5G NR信号作为测试信号对其进行线性化测试。实验结果表明,采用MP和GMP数字预失真器进行线性化时,5G RoF前传系统的邻信道功率比(Adjacent Channel Power Ratio, ACPR)可分别改善13 dB和17 dB以上。这说明MP和GMP数字预失真器对5G RoF前传系统的非线性具有显著的抑制作用。因此基于MP和GMP两个模型的数字预失真器均可用于5G RoF前传系统的线性化,而且GMP预失真器比MP预失真器对该系统线性化的能力更强。     

Optimal design of a tunable electromagnetic shunt damper for dynamic vibration absorber

Dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) is an effective device for suppressing resonant vibration of noisy machineries and structures. However, the optimum design of DVA requires precise tuning of the damping force in the DVA, which unfortunately is often not practical and prone to changes of working conditions. In this paper, a tunable electromagnetic shunt damper (EMSD) with different opposing magnet pairs configurations is tested for the optimum design of DVA. The optimum magnet pairs configuration is derived to provide the maximum damping force in the DVA. Both simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the damping coefficient variation with the number of magnet pairs in the EMSD. The experimental optimization procedure of the DVA is designed according to the fixed-points theory. The damping force generated by the EMSD can be readily adjusted by varying the external resistance of the EMSD. This is the first experimental implementation report of the optimization procedure described in the fixed-points theory. The proposed tunable EMSD can conveniently allow for onsite optimal tuning of DVA. The proposed design methodology provides fine tuning of the damping coefficient of EMSD to achieve robust optimal DVA performance, even when subject to changes of external parasitic damping.     

一种基于Arnold置乱和DCT编码的无载体信息隐藏方法北大核心CSCD

近年来十分火热的搜索映射式无载体信息隐藏虽具有一定的鲁棒性,但其隐藏容量较低、传输负载大且算法复杂度高。针对以上问题,该文章提出一种基于Arnold置乱和离散余弦变换(discrete cosine transform,DCT)编码的无载体信息隐藏方法。该算法先对图片进行Arnold置乱,再对DCT后的低频系数进行编码,接着更换置乱参数来构建索引表。选择索引表中与秘密信息相同的编码值所对应的参数构建候选队列,最后筛选出鲁棒性强的参数作为密钥发送给接收方。实验结果表明,该方法与现有方法相比大大提高了嵌入容量,拥有更强的抗JPEG压缩性能。并且减少了传输负载,算法简捷,具有较强的应用价值。     

Discretization of the thermal excitation in highly excited matter

In this paper the thermal energy diffusion for quantum particles is described. The quantum heat transport equation is obtained. It is shown that, for a short-time thermal excitation (of the order of the relaxation time), the excited matter response is quantized on the different levels (atomic, nuclear, quark) with quantum thermal energy equalE ^atomic 9 eV,E ^nuclear 7 MeV, andE ^quark 139 MeV.     

Some nonlinear problems in servomechanisms

Summary A mathematical model for a hydraulic servomechanism is constructed. It is shown that the model, in general, reduces to a nonlinear third-order equation of the formxx+(₁+xx+–₂ x=p(t). Under certain conditions imposed on the constants involved, it is proved that above equation possesses a periodic solution.     

Diffusion in Lorentz lattice gas automata with backscattering

The probability of first return to the initial intervalx and the diffusion tensorD _x are calculated exactly for a ballistic Lorentz gas on a Bethe lattice or Cayley tree. It consists of a moving particle and a fixed array of scatterers, located at the nodes, and the lengths of the intervals between scatterers are determined by a geometric distribution. The same values forx andD _x apply also to a regular space lattice with a fraction of sites occupied by a scatterer in the limit of a small concentration of scatterers. If backscattering occurs, the results are very different from the Boltzmann approximation. The theory is applied to different types of lattices and different types of scatterers having rotational or mirror symmetries.